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pathology > Diseases of the lymphatic system (unit 9) > Flashcards

Diseases of the lymphatic system (unit 9) Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissues containing densely packed lymphocytes.

- In the lining of body cavities and body organs (digestive, respiratory, urinary)

A

Lymphoid Tissues

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2
Q

Connective tissues containing densely packed lymphocytes covered with a capsule.
-Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils.

A

Lymphoid organs

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3
Q

Covered with a capsule.

A

Encapsulated

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4
Q
  • Transports about three liters of fluid (called lymph) from tissues back to blood vessels (bloodstream) every 24 hours.
  • Protects and defends body against diseases by producing white blood cells and phagocytes and housing agranular leukocytes.
A

Lymphatic System Function

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5
Q

Includes proteins, fats, and fat soluble vitamins (D,A,K,E) transported from the digestive (GI) tract to blood.

A

Components of lymph

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6
Q
  • Most disorders related to diseases of other systems (Infection somewhere in the body)
  • Fever, fatigue, weight loss
  • Lymphocytosis or lymphocytopenia
A

Signs and symptoms of Lymphatic Disease

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7
Q

Swelling or enlargement of one or more lymph nodes.

A

Lymphadenopathy

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8
Q

Multiple lymph nodes are diseased.

A

Generalized Lymphadenopathy

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9
Q
  • Leukemia
  • Metastatic neoplasms
  • Infections - TB, syphilis, fungal
  • Monoucleosis
A

Etiology of Generalized Lymphadenopathy

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10
Q

A few lymph nodes are diseased.

A

Localized lymphadenopathy

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11
Q

A localized lymphadenopathy that is caused by:

  • Injury or infection of hands, arms, upper chest
  • Metastatic cancers from the lungs or breasts
A

Axillary

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12
Q

A localized lymphadenopathy that is caused by:

  • Respiratory infections
  • Injury or infection of the head or upper chest
  • Mononucleosis, leukemia
  • Lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease
A

Cervical (neck)

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13
Q

A localized lymphadenopathy that is caused by:

  • Injury or infection of feet, legs, groin, abdomen
  • Leukemia, mononucleosis, STDs
  • Late stage Hodgkin’s disease
  • Inflammation of the intestines, gall bladder, appendix, urinary tract.
A

Inguinal

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14
Q

Inflammation of the lymph nodes.

A

Lymphadenitis

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15
Q
  • Usually physiological as lymph nodes receive exudates from a site or injury or infection.
  • Specific infections may grow in the lymph nodes and cause harm:
    • TB
    • Syphilis in the late stages
    • Typhoid fever (caused by Salmonella)
    • Tularemia (rabbit fever) - transmitted to humans
    • Any infection from the gall bladder or appendix
A

Etiology of lymphadenitis

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16
Q

Inflammation of lymph vessels

A

Lymphangitis

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17
Q

Common complication of a bacterial infection such as acute streptococcal or staphylococcal infection of the skin.

A

Etiology of Lymphangitis

18
Q
  • Red streaks from infected area to armpit or groin (may be faint or obvious).
  • Throbbing pain along the affected area.
  • Fever of 100-104F and chills
  • Headache
  • Loss of appetite
  • Muscle aches
A

Symptoms of Lymphangitis

19
Q

Inflammation of the tonsils (sore throat).

A

Tonsillitis

20
Q

Help filter out bacteria and other microorganisms to prevent infection.

A

Function of tonsils

21
Q

Become inflamed when overwhelmed by bacterial (strep) or viral infection.

A

Etiology of tonsillitis

22
Q
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Sore throat - lasts longer than 48 hours and may be severe.
  • Tenderness of the jaw and throat.
  • Voice changes, or loss of voice.
  • Ear pain
  • Fever, chills
  • Headache
A

Symptoms of tonsillitis

23
Q

Enlargement of the spleen.

A

Splenomegaly

24
Q
  • Trauma or injury to ribs or abdomen on the left side.
  • Infections- Mononucleosis, salmonella, viruses
  • Neoplasms (leukemia)
A

Etiology of splenomegaly

25
Q
  • Tenderness, pain and discomfort on the left side

- Anemia (damage to the red blood cells)

A

Symptoms of splenomegaly

26
Q

Rupture of the spleen and hemorrhage.

A

Danger of splenomegaly

27
Q

Overactive spleen.

  • Filters out too many red blood cells -> leading to increased destruction anemia
A

Hypersplenism

28
Q

Lymphoid organ, near the thyroid and the heart.

  • Most active during childhood producing T-lymphocytes.
  • At puberty it is totally inactive and starts turning into fatty tissue.
A

Thymus

29
Q

Cancer of the thymus

  • Occurs in young adults
  • Metastasizes slowly, if at all
  • Causes swelling in the neck
  • Easily diagnosed -> surgically removed
A

Malignant thymoma

30
Q
  • Most are malignant

- Called lymphomas or lymphosarcoma

A

Neoplasms of the lymphatic system

31
Q

Malignancy of lymphoid tissue.

A

Lymphomas

32
Q
  1. Hodgkin’s lymphoma

2. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Two main types of lymphomas

33
Q

Most common lymphoma.

  • Probably viral cause or genetic disposition
  • Cancer cells- Reed-Sternberg cells
  • More common in young males (24-40)
  • Cancerous lymph nodes or tissues become hard and calcified. -> spread to lungs, spleen and lining of the intestines.
  • Some disfigurement over a period of a months to years as the neoplasm spreads to other lymph nodes and lymph tissue.
  • Life expectancy: 2-10 years
  • 20% mortality rate
A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

34
Q

Malignant, nonfunctional cells (derive from B- Lymphocytes); very important for diagnosis of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

A

Reed- Sternberg cells

35
Q
  • Tender, painless and enlarged cervical (most common) lymph nodes, usually on one side.
  • Weight loss, fever, and general itching over the entire body.
A

Complications of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

36
Q
  • Spreads faster than Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
  • Arises within lymph nodes, jaw or the brain (probably due to immunosuppressive medications).
  • B-lymphocytes or T-lymphocytes
  • Age 40-55, more males than females
A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

37
Q
  • Painless, enlarged cervical, axillary, and inguinal nodes.
  • Fever, night sweats and weight loss.
  • Lymph tissue is often the site of spread for metastatic cancers of lungs, breasts and stomach.
A

Complications of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

38
Q

Caused by a blockage of lymphatic drainage.

A

Lymphedema

39
Q

Results from scar tissue formation or parasitic infections (e.g. roundworms) -> may cause grossly distended, swollen limbs and external genitalia.

  • This is a type of lymphedema
A

Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis)

40
Q
  • Edema
  • Emaciation
  • Dehydration
  • Metastasis
A

Postmortem conditions

pathology (23 decks)

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