Diseases of the Lower GI: Pathology Flashcards Preview

MS2 - Digestive, Endocrine, and Metabolic Systems > Diseases of the Lower GI: Pathology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Diseases of the Lower GI: Pathology Deck (32)
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1
Q

What is the specific molecule in gluten that is involved in celiac?

A

Gliadin (a glycoprotein extract from gluten)

2
Q

Loss of the villar surface is a result of ____________.

A

T-cell infiltration

3
Q

There are two clinical presentations of celiac disease: ______________.

A
  • classical: bulky diarrhea, flatulence, weight loss, anemia, growth failure in children
  • atypical: infertility, arthritis, GI upset, dental enamel defects
4
Q

The three findings that pathologists look for in diagnosing celiac are _______________.

A

(1) villous blunting, (2) increased epithelial lymphocytes, and (3) lymphoplasmacytosis of the lamina propria

5
Q

True or false: those with severe symptoms almost always have intense villous blunting.

A

False. Histologic severity doesn’t always correlate with symptom severity.

6
Q

What is the big buzzword that pathologists use for describing celiac intestine?

A

“Scalloping”

7
Q

What lymphoma are those with celiac at risk for?

A

EAT Lymphoma

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma

8
Q

The Gram-positive bacilli in _______________ get absorbed by intestinal macrophages. Why is this a bigger problem?

A

Whipple disease; because these organism-laden macrophages block lymphatic drainage

9
Q

The villi in those with Whipple disease will be ____________.

A

distended with macrophages

10
Q

The incubation period for giardia is ___________.

A

7-14 days

11
Q

Giardia most often colonizes the ____________.

A

duodenum

12
Q

What bacteria is often the cause of enterocolitis from raw milk?

A

Campylobacter

13
Q

True or false: all E. coli causes bloody diarrhea.

A

False.

14
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis is often referred to as ______________, but not all PC is caused by that organism.

A

Clostridium difficile colitis

15
Q

The most common antibiotic causes of pseudomembranous colitis are ___________.

A

3rd-generation cephalosporins and clindamycin

16
Q

The most common viral cause of childhood diarrhea is __________. What is mechanism?

A

rotavirus; the virus enters and destroys mature enterocytes leading to loss of absorptive function

17
Q

Which organism is the most common cause of amoebic dysentery?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

18
Q

What are “watershed areas”?

A

Areas where one blood supply ends and another begins –vulnerable to ischemic injury

19
Q

True or false: those with microscopic colitis usually have weight loss.

A

False.

20
Q

In what bowel disorder does intestinal epithelium slough off?

A

Collagenous microscopic colitis; the thickened collagen layer is brittle and forms a poor base for the epithelial tissue.

21
Q

Helper-T 1 is common in ________, while helper-T 2 is more common in ____________.

A

CD; UC

22
Q

____________ presents with superficial ulcers that are bigger.

A

Ulcerative colitis

23
Q

UC is associated with what liver pathology?

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

24
Q

The 25-year risk of adenocarcinoma in those with IBD is ________.

A

10%

25
Q

Abnormally shaped crypts (i.e., not round) are characteristic of __________.

A

chronic IBD (I think Crohn’s)

26
Q

The “bear-claw” microscopic sign is a feature of ___________.

A

Crohn’s

27
Q

What kind of bacteria is the bacteria that produces typhoid?

A

Gram-negative rod (Salmonella typhimurium)

28
Q

_______________ produces “flask-shaped” ulcers in the intestinal mucosa.

A

Amoebic dysentery

29
Q

What is Ascaris lumbricoides?

A

A roundworm that infects the colon

30
Q

What evidence suggests that bacteria play a role in IBD?

A

Antibiotics can ameliorate the symptoms in some with IBD

31
Q

Crypt distortion is a feature of ______________.

A

active colitis

32
Q

The distinction between diverticula and true diverticula is ________________.

A

that true diverticula have muscularis mucosa

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