Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the general function of the Digestive System.

A

To change complex organic nutrient molecules into simple organic and inorganic molecules to be absorbed and transported to the cells.

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2
Q

Name the divisions of the digestive system and the organs that comprise them.

A

Alimentary tube

  • oral cavity
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine Accessory organs
  • teeth
  • tongue
  • salivary glands
  • liver
  • bile
  • gall bladder
  • pancreas
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3
Q

Define the function of the teeth.

A

Mastication

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4
Q

Explain how the tongue assists with digestion.

A

It mixes food during chewing, forms it into a bolus, and initiates swallowing.

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5
Q

Explain the function of salivary glands.

A

Moistens and aids compaction into a bolus and contains enzymes to breakdown starchy foods.

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6
Q

Explain the function of bile and state where it is stored.

A

Bile is stored in the liver and gall bladder. Contains acids for digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Contains many waste products from the body.

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7
Q

What role does the pancreas play in digestion?

A

Aids in acid reduction of chyme as it travels from the stomach to the small intestine. Helps break down proteins, fats, and starch to be absorbed.

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8
Q

Define mechanical digestion.

A

The physical breaking up of food into smaller pieces.

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9
Q

Define chemical digestion.

A

The use of enzymes to break down complex chemical molecules into simpler chemicals that can be utilized by the body.

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10
Q

Define deciduous teeth.

A

baby teeth, 20

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11
Q

How many permanent teeth are there?

A

32

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12
Q

List the parts of a tooth and their location.

A
  • Crown - visible part of tooth above the gingiva
  • Enamel - outer part of the crown, hardest part of the body
  • Dentin - inside the enamel and root, similar to bone
  • Pulp cavity - innermost part of tooth containing blood vessels and nerves
  • Periodontal membrane - lines the tooth socket and anchors the tooth
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13
Q

Explain the function of saliva.

A
  • cleans teeth
  • dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted
  • moistens food to aid in bolus formation
  • contains enzymes to breakdown starchy foods
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14
Q

Explain the function of the pharynx in digestion.

A

Its only function is swallowing.

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15
Q

Explain the function fo the esophagus in digestion.

A

It takes food from the pharynx to the stomach.

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16
Q

State the location and function of the lower esophageal sphincter.

A

Located at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach. Opens to allow food into the stomach then closes to keep stomach contents out of the esophagus.

17
Q

State the functions of mucosa of the alimentary canal.

A
  • secretion of mucus
  • absorption of nutrients
  • protection against disease
18
Q

State the functions of submucosa of the alimentary canal.

A
  • supplies surrounding tissue with blood and lymphatic vessels
  • regulates secretions
19
Q

State the functions of the external muscle layer of the alimentary canal.

A
  • propel and mix food along the digestive tract

* forms sphincters that act as valves to prevent backflow

20
Q

Define the serosa of the alimentary canal.

A

The outermost layer of the alimentary canal. Also called the visceral peritoneum.

21
Q

List the parts of the stomach.

A
  • lower esophageal sphincter
  • fundus
  • body
  • pylorus
  • pyloric sphincter
  • contains rugae
22
Q

Define rugae.

A

Folds in the stomach that allow for expansion.

23
Q

State the general function of the stomach.

A

A sac that extends from the esophagus to the small intestines. Serves a reservoir for food. Both mechanical and chemical digestion occur in the pylorus.

24
Q

Define gastric pits.

A

glands in the stomach that secrete gastric juice

25
Q

Define chyme.

A

creamy semifluid mass of ingested food that leaves the stomach

26
Q

Define instrinsic factor.

A

Secretion of the stomach that is required for the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12.

27
Q

List the substances absorbed by the stomach.

A
  • water
  • alcohol
  • aspirin
28
Q

Explain the function of the small intestine.

A

Virtually all absorption of nutrients takes place.

29
Q

Explain the function of the large intestine.

A

Absorption of water, minerals, and vitamins and the elimination of indigestible material. 80% of the water that enters the large intestine is absorbed.

30
Q

Describe the function of the normal flora in the colon.

A

Produce vitamins aborbed by the colon. Inhibits the growth of pathogens.

31
Q

Define peristalsis.

A

The contracting and relaxing of muscles in the digestive tract to propel food.

32
Q

Explain how food is broken down into chemical components.

A
  • carbohydrates to simple sugars
  • proteins to amino acids
  • fats to fatty acids and glycerol
33
Q

Where does absorption of nutrients occur?

A

From the lumen in the small intestine into the vessels within the villi.

34
Q

Where does the blood from the capillary network in the villi go before going back to the heart?

A

The portal vein to the liver.

35
Q

Locate and define the greater omentum.

A

Enormous pouch of the visceral peritoneum of the stomach that hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach. It protects the abdominal viscera.

36
Q

Locate and define the lesser omentum.

A

Extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver and connects them.