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Human disease and therapeutics 2020 > Diabetes pharmacology > Flashcards

Diabetes pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What do alpha cells in the pancreas do?

A

-Secrete Glucagon

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2
Q

What type of molecule is insulin?

A

-Peptide that is why you cant take it orally because it will be broken down

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3
Q

T/F Insulin is required for all type II DM

A

False

-Just the more serious Type II DM, but all Type I DM require it

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4
Q

What are the main targets for insulin?

A
  • Liver
  • Muscle
  • Adipose tissue
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5
Q

What is the most common strength of Insulin?

A

-U-100

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6
Q

Where are most formulations of Insulin prepared?

A
  • Genetically modified benign E.coli (Humulin)

- Less common is animal insulin

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7
Q

Is Lispro (Humalog) a rapid acting or short acting Insulin?

A

-Rapid acting

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8
Q

What is the duration of Lispro?

A

-4 hours

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9
Q

When do you take Humalog (Lispro) (U-100)?

A

-Immediately before meal

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10
Q

What is a short-acting type of insulin?

A

-Crystalline zinc

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11
Q

What is the onset of Crystalline zinc insulin?

A

-30 min with a peak at 2-3 hrs

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12
Q

How long does Crystalline zinc insulin last?

A

5-8 hrs

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13
Q

Besides Lispro what is another fast acting type of insulin?

A

-Humulin R

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14
Q

What is an intermediate acting type of Insulin?

A

-NPH (Neutral protein hagedorn)

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15
Q

What is NPH often mixed with?

A

-Shorter acting insulins for both immediate insulin and sustained insulin needs

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16
Q

What is the onset and duration of NPH?

A
  • 2-5 hrs

- 4-12 hrs

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17
Q

What are two long acting insulin types?

A
  • Insulin Glargine

- Insulin Determir

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18
Q

What two types of insulin do yo use for background insulin?

A
  • Glargine

- Determir

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19
Q

What are ways to deliver insulin?

A
  • Sub cutaneous injection

- Continuous Sub Cutaneous infusion

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20
Q

What are the side effects of too much insulin?

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Tachycardia
  • Perspiration
  • Tremors
  • Hunger
  • Confusion
  • Seizures
  • Coma
  • Local irritation and subdermal atrophy
21
Q

What are hypoglycemic drugs used for?

A

Type II DM

22
Q

What are insulin secretagogues used for type II DM?

A

-Sulfonylureas

23
Q

What is a first generation sulfonylurea?

A

-Tolbutamide (Orinase)

24
Q

What are second generation sulfonylureas?

A
  • Glipizide

- Glitinides (Prandin)

25
Q

What are the side effects of Sulfonylureas?

A
  • Hypoglycemia

- Weight gain

26
Q

What do insulin secretagogues do?

A

-Increase release of insulin from beta cells

27
Q

What are Biguadnides?

A

-Oral hypoglycemic

28
Q

What are drugs are Biguanides?

A

-Metformin-Glucophage

29
Q

T/F Biguanides increase insulin production of pancreas

A

False

-They have no effect on insulin production

30
Q

What is the advantage of Metformin?

A
  • Insulin-sparing

- Does not provoke hypoglycemia when used alone

31
Q

What might Metformin prevent?

A

-Some of the CVS effects of Type II DM

32
Q

What are the side effects of Metformin?

A

-GI irritation

33
Q

What is Januvia (Sitagliptin)?

A

-DPP4 inhibitor

34
Q

What does Januvia (Sitagliptin) do?

A

-Slows inactivation of incretin hormones by inhibiting DPP-4 ultimately reducing glucagon activity

35
Q

What is Acabose?

A

Oral hypoglycemic that slows digestion of starch from small intestines

36
Q

What are the side effects of Acabose?

A

-GI irritation

37
Q

What are Thiazolidinediones?

A

-Oral hypoglycemic that reduces insulin resistance especially in muscle and fat cells

38
Q

What is Rosiglitazone (Avandia)?

A

-Oral hypoglycemic that reduces insulin resistance especially in muscle and fat cells

39
Q

What do you use glucagon for?

A

Treat severe hypoglycemia

40
Q

What are appetite suppressants?

A
  • Amphetamines (Ephedrine, PPAs)
  • SSRIs (Prozac, Meridia)
  • Orlistat
  • Belviq (Lorcaserin)
41
Q

What does Phentermine do?

A

-Inhibit NE and DA uptake

42
Q

What are the side effects of Phentermine?

A
  • Weight loss
  • Dry mouth
  • Hypertension
  • Palpitation
43
Q

What interactions should you be aware of with Phenteramine?

A

-Interactions with sympathomimetics (including vasoconstrictors in LAs)

44
Q

What is Topiramate?

A

-Anticonvulsant

45
Q

What is Lorcaserin (Belviq)?

A

-5-HT2C agonist

46
Q

Where does Lorcaserin work at?

A

-Suppresses appetit in hypothalamus

47
Q

What does Orlistat do?

A

-It is a lipase inhibitor and diminishes fat absorption in intestines

48
Q

What is a major contraindication of Topiramate?

A

-Do not use in pregnancy

Human disease and therapeutics 2020 (60 decks)

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