Diabetes and Hypoglycemia Flashcards Preview

Clinical Nutrition > Diabetes and Hypoglycemia > Flashcards

Flashcards in Diabetes and Hypoglycemia Deck (18)
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1
Q

when should you screen for diabetes?

A
overweight with 1 of the following
sedentary
first degree relative with diabetes
african american, latino, native american, asian american, pacific islander
women who had gestational diabetes or delivered a baby >9lbs
hypertensive
low HDL
women with PCOS
A1C >5.7%
acathosis nigricans
history of CVD
2
Q

normal blood glucose

A

fasting <100mg/dL
2hPG <140 mg/dL
A1C 4-5.6%

3
Q

prediabetes blood glucose

A

fasting 100-125 mg/dL
2 hPG in 75g oral glucose tolerance test (140-199mg/dL)
A1C 5.4-6.4%

4
Q

diabetes blood glucose

A

A1C >6.5%
FPG >126mg/dL
2hPG >200 mg/dL

5
Q

nutritional recommendations for prediabetes

A
weight loss
medeterranean diet
increase fiber
including whole grains
limit sugar sweetened beverages
replace saturated fat with MUFA and PUFA
6
Q

diabetes goals of nutrition therapy

A

maintain optimal glucose, blood lipids and blood pressure values
prevent and treat chronic complications (obesity, dyslipidemia, CVD, HTN, nephropathy)
enhance health through food choices and physical activity
address individual nutritonal neds

7
Q

diabetes of macronutrient intake

A

recommendations are the same as non-diabetic patients
protein= 15-20% cal
lipids= 30% cal (sat= <7% cal, NO trans fat)
carbs= 45-64% cal (minimum 130g/day
fiber 25-38g/d

8
Q

carb counting

A

best method of maintaining blood glucose
total intake of CHo intake, not cource
count starches, fruits, dairy, sweets
nonstarchy veggies don’t need to be counted as long as <15g CHO are no eaten

9
Q

exercise for type 1 diabetes

A

check blood sugar before, during and after

consume 15g of carbs per every 30-60 min of exercise (prior to exercise)

10
Q

exercise for type 2 diabetes

A

exercise can help improve glycemic response

often have a lower VO2 max

11
Q

exercise recommendations

A

minimum of 150 min/week of moderate intensity aerobic activity
no more than 2 consecutive days without activity
adults with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to perform resistance exercise at least 2x/week

12
Q

short term complications of diabetes

A
diabetic ketoacidosis (life threatening)
macrovascular (ASCVD)
13
Q

long term complications fo diabetes

A

macrovascular (ASCVD)

microvascular (nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy)

14
Q

60-70% of diabetics have what complication?

A

neuropathy

15
Q

definition of hypoglycemia of nondiabetic origin

A

abnormally low blood glucose

16
Q

etiology of hypoglycemia of nondiabetic origin

A
reactive hypoglycemia= blood glucose drops 2-5 hours after eating (excess insulin or insulin-like compounds)
fasting hypoglycemia (signals underlying disease like eating disorder, liver disase, aspirin therapy)
17
Q

whipple triad

A

low blood glucose (<50mg/dL)
weakness, fatigue, sweating, palpitations
symptoms disappear with carb ingestion and blood glucose returns to normal
(MUST HAVE ALL 3)

18
Q

hypoglycemia nutrition therapy

A

small, frequent meals with complex carbs, fiber and protein
carb counting
avoid simple carbs and alcohol
limit caffeine