Diabetes Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Diabetes Deck (18)
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1
Q

Diet

A
low sugar
high carbs
high fibre
low fat
encourage to lose weight
2
Q

once a day insulin

A

type 2

oral agents alongside

3
Q

twice daily

A

used in 1/2
need 3 meals a day
short acting + intermediate

4
Q

basal/bolus

A

long acting
then separate short/rapid at each meal
vary dose with carb content

5
Q

continuous subcut insulin

A

best if varied routine

basal @ mealtimes

6
Q

fixed dose insulin therapy

A

no flexibility

7
Q

flexible insulin therapy

A

o The amount of insulin taken is chosen with each meal
o Common for those on a basal-bolus regimen
o Gives more control of what is eaten, and balancing of blood glucose levels
o Requires a lot of education to understand

8
Q

Biguanides (metformin)

A

increases insulin uptake and decreases gluconeogenesis
GI upset
lactic acidosis
risk of OD no weight gain
CI: anaesthesia, DKA, impaired liver/kidney

9
Q

Sulfonylureas (Glicazide)

A

increases insulin secretion
only good if residual function
dont give if pregnant
can cause hypos and weight gain

10
Q

pioglitazone

A
reduces peripheral insulin resistance
increases risk of bladder cancer
worsens CHF (fluid retention)
fractures
cvs EVENTS
11
Q

piaglitazone CIs

A

heart failure
bladder cancer Hx/active
liver disease

12
Q

gliptin

A
increase insulin secretion
dont give in DKA
SEs: 
	Cold/flu like symptoms
	Slightly increased risk of CHF
	Low risk of hypoglycaemia but increases the risk if also taking gliclazide
	Cause minimal weight gain
	Severe hypersensitivity reactions
13
Q

Gliflozins

A

makes you wee glucose
increased UTIs/balantitis/thrush
dka
low risk of hypos

14
Q

noninsulin injectable glp 1 analogue

A

increases insulin secretion
nausea
weight loss

15
Q

hypoglycaemia

A
  • Blood sugar should be immediately raised through ingestion of carbohydrates or IV glucagon if comatose
  • The cause should be determined
  • Measures should be taken to prevent further episodes
  • IV dextrose should be used if the patient can’t ingest anything
16
Q

proliferative retinopathy

A

laser photocoagulation

panretinal

17
Q

maculopathy

A

laser photocoag if getting to fovea

if in centre, use grid

18
Q

painful neuropathy

A
need good control
duloxetine
TCAs
gabapentin
pregabalin
TENS
topical capsacin