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Psychology > Developmental area: Chaney > Flashcards

Developmental area: Chaney Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of people with asthma comply with medical advice and use their inhaler? (as suggested by research)

A

A range from 30-70%

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2
Q

What is compliance?

A

Following medical instructions/advice

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3
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

Learning through consequences which may include rewards or punishments

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4
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

Providing a positive outcome for behaviour (rewards) that are more likely to be repeated in the future

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5
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

When a behaviour is encouraged by removing or avoiding an unpleasant stimulus

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6
Q

Give an example of negative reinforcement

A

Using sun cream to avoid getting sun burnt

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7
Q

What were the two aims of Chaney’s study?

A

To see if the use of the funhaler increases compliance rates in children and to see if quality of use (correct technique) is improved with funhaler

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8
Q

What research method did Chaney use?

A

Field experiment and self report

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9
Q

What evidence is there from Chaney’s study that it was a field experiment and a self report?

A

Questionnaires/phone interviews were conducted in the child’s own home

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10
Q

How big was the sample used in Chaney’s study?

A

32 children

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11
Q

Describe the age range of the sample used in Chaney’s study

A

1.5 - 6 years with a median of 3.2 years

75% were over the age of 3

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12
Q

What was the composition of males and females were there?

A

22 boys and 10 girls

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13
Q

What was the average duration of having asthma?

A

2.2 years

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14
Q

How was the sample obtained?

A

They were recruited on a random basis from seven paediatrician or GP clinics

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15
Q

Within what radius of where were the GP clinics?

A

51 km radius of Perth, Western Australia

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16
Q

What was the IV in Chaney’s study?

A

Fun haler or normal aero chamber device

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17
Q

What were the DV’s in Chaney’s study?

A

The children’s behaviour (specifically how frequently the children took their medication) and the attitudes of the parent and adherence to the medicine

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18
Q

How are the key features of the Fun haler used as positive reinforcement?

A

The toy ball spins more and the whistle is louder when the Fun haler is used correctly

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19
Q

How are the key features of the Fun haler used as negative reinforcement?

A

Correct use leads to fewer symptoms/breathlessness

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20
Q

What was the initial data collected in Chaney’s study?

A

Questionnaires were given to the parents to find out about their current inhaler (behaviour and attitudes)

21
Q

How did Chaney reduce demand characteristics when the parents had the initial questionnaire?

A

By not telling the parents about the Fun haler

22
Q

What did all parents have to sign with the initial questionnaire?

A

A consent form

23
Q

Over what period of time was the data collected during the study itself?

A

2 weeks

24
Q

During the study itself what were the parents given?

A

Fun haler and instructed that they had to use it with their child

25
Q

How would the parents be contacted to see if the Fun haler had been used the previous day?

A

They would be contacted at random

26
Q

What did the children do during the time where data was being collected for the study itself?

A

Children would use the fun haler, a steady breath would activate a spinning disk and whistle

27
Q

What was used for young children with the Fun haler?

A

A face mask

28
Q

After the 2 weeks what were the parents given?

A

Another questionnaire to access their behaviour and attitudes towards the Fun haler

29
Q

What percentage of children had used their inhaler/fun haler the day before?

A

59%/81%

30
Q

What percentage of children achieved 4 or more breath cycles per delivery? (inhaler/fun haler)

A

50%/80%

31
Q

What percentage of parents always successfully medicated their child? (inhaler/fun haler)

A

10%/73%

32
Q

What percentage of the parents had a dislike towards the medication? (inhaler/fun haler)

A

16%/0%

33
Q

Outline the conclusions about the use of the Fun haler

A

From questionnaires, it would appear that Fun haler led to an increase in use and correct use. Parents also tended to be less likely to give up and resort to a nebuliser

34
Q

What is a strength of the sample used in Chaney’s study?

A

It is age appropriate for the target population as the funhaler wouldn’t appeal to people much older

35
Q

What is a weakness of Chaney’s sample?

A

Narrow age range restricts the generalisability

36
Q

What is a strength of using self report in Chaney’s study?

A

Questionnaires easy to administer to gather thoughts and feelings of the parents on the fun haler

37
Q

What is a weakness of using self report in Chaney’s study?

A

Some parents may not have given honest answers about their inhaler due to SDB

38
Q

What is a strength of using closed questions in Chaney’s study?

A

Easy to compare and analyse

39
Q

What is a weakness of using closed questions in Chaney’s study?

A

It doesn’t tell us why there were differences in attitudes and behaviours with the funhaler

40
Q

What is a strength of Chaney’s study being a field experiment?

A

Having the research be carried out in a natural setting gives the study high EV

41
Q

What is a weakness of Chaney’s study being a field experiment?

A

It’s not a usual every day activity for parents to be completing questionnaires and therefore reduces EV

42
Q

What is a strength of using a repeated measures design in Chaney’s study?

A

Controlling participant variables as the children used both the inhaler and the fun haler

43
Q

What is a weakness of using a repeated measures design in Chaney’s study?

A

The parents could work out the aim of the study and therefore demand characteristics could be an issue

44
Q

Why did Chaney choose not to counterbalance the participants?

A

Because use of the fun haler may have led to an increase in use of the normal inhaler a week later and taking away the fun haler may have caused some ethical issues (e.g. distress)

45
Q

Why, in terms of ethics, was it better for Chaney to use a repeated measures design rather than an independent measures design?

A

So no P’s missed out on beneficial effects of Fun haler

46
Q

Was the procedure controlled, standardised and replicable? (internal reliability)

A

Same questionnaire, same funhaler - same design given with same instructions

47
Q

Was the sample large enough to suggest a consistent effect? (external reliability)

A

32 children - not a very big sample to suggest consistency

48
Q

Was the study an accurate test of compliance with medical advice? (internal validity)

A

We can not be sure how efficient parents were at using the inhaler so difficult to control extraneous variables

49
Q

Could Chaney’s findings be applied to other cultures?

A

We can’t assume that children from non-australian cultures would respond to the funhaler in the same way

Psychology (38 decks)

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