Dermatology - Some Common Skin Diseases Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Dermatology - Some Common Skin Diseases Deck (27)
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1
Q

What are symptoms of psoriasis ?

A
  • red , flaky , crusty patches of skin.
  • the skin is covered with silver-coloured scales.
  • the patches can be itchy or sore.
2
Q

What is the cause of psoriasis ?

A
  • in normal individuals , skin cells of the epidermis arise from stem cells at the parabasal level of the skin and as the cells mature they gradually move up to the layers of the epidermis until they reach the outermost layer ( stratum Corneum) where they die and flake off. This usually takes 28-40 days. However , In this condition there is hyper proliferation of the keratinocytes - the transit time is only 2-4 days. And so the cells that accumulate at the stratum corneum have not fully matured. This leads to silvery scaly skin. And the layer of keratin is very thin.
3
Q

What are a few common triggers of the psoriasis ?

A
  • injury to the skin
  • drinking excessive amounts of alcohol
  • smoking
  • stress
  • hormonal changes

-

4
Q

What is eczema also known as ?

A

Atopic dermatitis

5
Q

What are the main symptoms of eczema ?

A
  • dry , itchy skin , rashes

- inflammation , cracking , bleeding ( severe cases)

6
Q

What food allergies are often associated with people who have eczema ?

A
- milk 
Egg 
Peanut 
Wheat 
Soy 
Shrimp 
Fish
7
Q

What is melanoma ?

A
  • a type of skin cancer that can metastasise to other organs in the body.
8
Q

What is the most common sign of melanoma ?

A
  • appearance of. Anew mole or change in an existing mole.

- in men , the backs are usually affected. Whereas in women , it’s the legs.

9
Q

What is the 5th most common type of cancer in the Uk?

A

Melanoma

  • more common In pale skinned people with freckles , much less common in darker skinned people.
10
Q

What are the two types of melanoma ? And what is the difference based on .

A
  • based on their gross appearance
    1) nodular melanoma
    2) lentigo maligna melanoma
11
Q

Describe what nodular melanoma is ?

A

They usually appear as a changing lump on the skin.

  • can appear black to red in colour.
  • most commonly appear on the head , neck , chest or back.
  • bleeding or oozing is a common symptom.
12
Q

Describe what a lentigo maligna melanoma looks like

A
  • initially flat and develop sideways in the surface of the skin.
  • look like a freckle , but much bigger and more prominent.
13
Q

Which type of individuals is melanoma more susceptible to

A
  • lots of moles or freckles on the skin
  • pale skin that burns easily
  • red or blonde hair
  • a close family who has had melanoma
14
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

A long term conditional where pale white patches develop on the skim caused by a lack of melanin in the skin.

15
Q

What areas of the body are more affected by vitiligo ?

A
  • the skin around the eyes and mouth
  • fingers and wrists
  • Genitals
  • inside the mouth
  • groin
16
Q

What are the two main types of vitiligo ?

A

1) non-segmental vitiligo

2) segmental vitiligo

17
Q

Describe what non-segmental vitiligo is

A

In non-segmental
vitiligo the symptoms often appear on both sides of the body as symmetrical white patches. This often appears on the back of the hands , arms , knees , elbows.

18
Q

What is the most common type of vitiligo ?

A
  • non-segmental vitiligo is the most common type of vitiligo - it affects around 9/10 people with the condition.
19
Q

What is segmental vitiligo?

A
  • only affect one area of the body.
  • it is localised.
  • affects 3 in 10 children with vitiligo.
  • more common in children than adults.
20
Q

What causes non-segmental vitiligo ?

A
  • an autoimmune condition
  • this is where T lymphocytes attack melanocytes ( which are found at the epidermal - dermal junction )
  • this kills the melanocytes
21
Q

What increases the risk of non-segmental vitiligo ?

A
  • other autoimmune diseases such as hyperthyroidism.
  • other family members having it
  • the presence of melanoma
  • family history of other autoimmune diseases
22
Q

What is the cause of segmental vitiligo ?

A

L- thought to be caused by neurochemicals such as neuroleptic Y which is released by nerve endings in the skin.

  • this causes an increase in the concentration of reactive oxygen species in the interstitial space that causes melanocytes to autolyse ) destroy themselves)
23
Q

What is alopecia areata?

A
  • is a condition in which hair is lost from small or all areas of the body , most often on the scalp.
24
Q

What is alopecia totalis?

A

All the hair on the scalp is lost .

25
Q

What is alopecia universalis?

A
  • all body hair is lost and lost can be permanent .
26
Q

What is the cause of alopecia areata ?

A
  • systemic autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks its own Anagen hair follicles and thus suppresses or stops hair growth.
27
Q

What is hyperkeratosis?

A

Thickening of the outer layer of the skin ( the stratum corneum in the epidermis) which causes an abnormal quantity of keratin.

  • this can be caused by vitamin A deficiency or exposure to arsenic.