Definitions

Question 1

What is an isotope?

Answer 1

Elements that have the same number of protons (same atomic number) but different numbers of neutrons (different mass numbers)

Question 2

What is ionisation energy?

Answer 2

The energy required to pull an electron away from and atom

Question 3

What is an intermolecular force?

Answer 3

Forces that exist between molecules

Question 4

What are intramolecular forces?

Answer 4

Forces that hold atoms together within a molecule

Question 5

What is a stable octet?

Answer 5

When the valence shell is full with 8 electrons to make it stable and less likely to react

Question 6

What is a cation?

Answer 6

When an atom loses and electrons to form a positively charged ion

Question 7

What is in an anion?

Answer 7

When atoms gain electrons to Make a negatively charged ion

Question 8

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 8

Ionic compounds consist of metals and nonmetals

Question 9

When elements form more than one type of ion want to use to tell us what’s inside that compound?

Answer 9

We use Roman numerals

Question 10

What are the three types of chemical bonding?

Answer 10

Ionic, covalent, metallic

Question 11

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 11

Between metals and nonmetals this type of bonding occurs by electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 12

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 12

Very strong bonds that are between nonmetals only. Covalent bonds share electrons

Question 13

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 13

Occurs within metals and forms lattice solids cations with delocalised electrons

Question 14

What is electronegativity?

Answer 14

When an atom attracts electrons. This is also a force of attraction

Question 15

Define non-polar covalent bonds?

Answer 15

Electrons are shared equally between both atoms Because both atoms are the same or have similar electronegativity

Question 16

Define a polar covalent bond?

Answer 16

Electrons are shared equally due to differences in electronegativity

Question 17

What is isotopic abundances?

Answer 17

The percentage of an elements occurrence within the environment

Question 18

What is the half life?

Answer 18

The time it takes for 50% of the existing amount of an isotope to undergo radioactive decay

Question 19

What is mass spectrometry?

Answer 19

The Sample is vaporised and the resultant gas is ionised to form positive ions. These ions are accelerated through an electric field. The ions at them separated by magnetic field based on the mass to charge ratio. The ions of a certain mass in charge reach a detector which measures the current produced by a particular ion

Question 20

What is the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)?

Answer 20

Amount of energy absorbed by the element to get to its excited state is the same is the amount of energy released for it to return to its current state

Question 21

What is atomic emission spectroscopy (AES)?

Answer 21

The amount of light absorbed by a Sample at a particular wavelength can be used to determine the concentration of that element