DEFINITIONS 4: The Self: Answering the Question “Who Am I?” Flashcards Preview

Baron and Branscombe (2014) Social Psychology > DEFINITIONS 4: The Self: Answering the Question “Who Am I?” > Flashcards

Flashcards in DEFINITIONS 4: The Self: Answering the Question “Who Am I?” Deck (23)
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1
Q

social capital

A

The number of social ties each person has to others; typically these are connections people can draw on for knowledge, assistance, or other social goods.

2
Q

self-deprecating

A

Putting ourselves down or implying that we are not as good as someone else.

3
Q

ingratiation

A

When we try to make others like us by conveying that we like them; praising others to flatter them.

4
Q

self-verification perspective

A

Theory that addresses the processes by which we lead others to agree with our views of ourselves; wanting others to agree with how we see ourselves.

5
Q

self-promotion

A

Attempting to present ourselves to others as having positive attributes.

6
Q

introspection

A

To privately contemplate “who we are.” It is a method for attempting to gain self knowledge.

7
Q

salience

A

When someone or some object stands out from its background or is the focus of attention.

8
Q

social identity theory

A

Addresses how we respond when our group identity is salient. Suggests that we will move closer to positive others with whom we share an identity but distance from other ingroup members who perform poorly or otherwise make our social identity negative.

9
Q

personal-versus-social identity continuum

A

At the personal level, the self is thought of as a unique individual, whereas at the social identity level, the self is seen as a member of a group

10
Q

intergroup comparisons

A

Judgments that result from comparisons between our group and another group.

11
Q

intragroup comparisons

A

Judgments that result from comparisons between individuals who are members of the same group.

12
Q

autobiographical memory

A

Concerned with memory of the ourselves in the past, sometimes over the life course as a whole.

13
Q

possible selves

A

Image of how we might be in the future—either a “dreaded” potential to be avoided or “desired” potential that can be strived for.

14
Q

self-control

A

Achieved by refraining from actions we like and instead performing actions we prefer not to do as a means of achieving a long-term goal.

15
Q

ego-depletion

A

The lowered capacity to exert subsequent self-control following earlier efforts to exert self-control. Performance decrements are typically observed when people’s ego strength has been depleted by prior efforts at self-control.

16
Q

self-esteem

A

The degree to which we perceive ourselves positively or negatively; our overall attitude toward ourselves. It can be measured explicitly or implicitly.

17
Q

implicit self-esteem

A

Feelings about the self of which we are not consciously aware.

18
Q

downward social comparison

A

A comparison of the self to another who does less well than or is inferior to us.

19
Q

upward social comparison

A

A comparison of the self to another who does better than or is superior to us.

20
Q

social comparison theory

A

Festinger (1954) suggested that people compare themselves to others because for many domains and attributes there is no objective yardstick to evaluate ourselves against, and other people are therefore highly informative.

21
Q

self-evaluation maintenance model

A

This perspective suggests that to maintain a positive view of ourselves, we distance ourselves from others who perform better than we do on valued dimensions and move closer to others who perform worse than us. This view suggests that doing so will protect our self-esteem.

22
Q

above average effect

A

The tendency for people to rate themselves as above the average on most positive social attributes.

23
Q

stereotype threat

A

Can occur when people believe
that they might be judged in light
of a negative stereotype about
their group or that, because of their performance, they may in some way confirm a negative stereotype of their group.