Defining Ethics

Question 1

What is ethics?

Answer 1

The study of the general nature of morals, moral choices, moral philosophy, and the rules or standards governing the conduct of the members of a profession

Question 2

Are ethical standards higher than law standards?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

True or False:

An act is only considered unethical if the act breaks the law

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What are ethical rules?

Answer 4

Unwritten standards and expectations for behavior that are developed for nearly all aspects of our lives

Question 5

What 2 things play a critical role in an ethical decision?

Answer 5

Values and judgments

Question 6

What leads us to believe actions are right or wrong?

Answer 6

Our moral philosophies

Question 7

What is moral philosophy?

Answer 7

The principles or rules that people use to decide what is right or wrong

Question 8

In business, what do individuals rely on to make decisions?

Answer 8

Their moral philosophies

Question 9

True or False:

There is no moral philosophy that everyone excepts

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Divine command theory decisions in ethical dilemmas are made on the basis of what?

Answer 10

Guidance from a divine being

Question 11

Fill in the Blank:

Egoists believe they should make decisions that maximize their own ________

Answer 11

Self-interest

Question 12

Who was a philosopher who believed that ethical egoism was the central factor in human decision-making?

Answer 12

Thomas Hobbes

Question 13

What did Thomas Hobbes believe that we needed to control egoism?

Answer 13

Authoritarianism

Question 14

Which theory is sometimes referred to as the social contract?

Answer 14

The Contractarians and Justice Theory

Question 15

What is the Individual Rights Theory also known as?

Answer 15

The Entitlement Theory

Question 16

Who believes in a time-and-place ethics?

Answer 16

Moral Relativists

Question 17

True or False:

Moral Relativists do not believe in absolute rule, virtue ethics, and social contracts

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What do Moral Relativists’ beliefs center on?

Answer 18

The pressure of the moment and whether the pressure justifies the action taken

Question 19

What theory is also known as the universal rule?

Answer 19

The Categorical Imperative Theory

Question 20

What must you conduct if you are using the utilitarianism theory?

Answer 20

A cost/benefit analysis

Question 21

What is a cost/benefit analysis?

Answer 21

It’s when you compare all the alternatives and choose the one that results in the greatest benefit to the most people

Question 22

What is the trolley problem scenario?

Answer 22

A trolley is heading down the tracks towards multiple workers. You can divert the trolley onto another track, but doing so would cause you to kill the worker that is on the other track

Question 23

What’s the difference between law and ethics?

Answer 23

Laws are the moral minimum while ethics are the moral maximum

Question 24

How does the utilitarianism principle relate to trolley problem scenario?

Answer 24

Utilitarianism says that you should sacrifice the one worker to save the 5 workers because you need to do the greatest good for the greatest number of people