Deck V Flashcards Preview

USMLE World Missed Questions > Deck V > Flashcards

Flashcards in Deck V Deck (30)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is phosphatidylcholine, the component of pulomary surfactant and sphingomyelin commonly known as?

A

Lecithin.

2
Q

Pregnant patients taking Valproate are at risk for passing what types of conditions on to their offspring?

A

Neural tube defects (ex meningiocele)

3
Q

On contrast MRI of the brain, toxoplasmosis infection presents in what way?

A

Multiple ring enhancing lesions.

4
Q

Neisseria meningitidis is what kind of organism?

A

Gram negative cocci.

5
Q

What drug is used as prophylaxis of close contacts of patients with invasive meningococcal infection?

A

Rifampin.

6
Q

How does rabies encephalitis classically present?

A

Restlessness, agitation, dysphagia, progression to coma 30-50 days post exposure.

7
Q

The vaccination for rabies is an example of what kind of vaccine?

A

Killed vaccine.

8
Q

What is orotic aciduria?

A

A disorder of pyrimidine metabolism characterized by megaloblastic anemia, neurologic abnormalities, growth retardation, and excretion of high amounts of orotic acid in the urine.

9
Q

What enzymes are deficient in orotic aciduria and what is their function?

A

Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase, OMP decarboxylase; both function to convert orotate to UMP

10
Q

How is orotic aciduria treated?

A

Uridine supplementation.

11
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of acute vitamin A toxicity?

A

Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, blurred vision.

12
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of chronic vitamin A toxicity?

A

Alopecia, dry skin, hyperlipidemia, hepatotoxicity, hepatosplenomeagly, visual difficulties.

13
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of teratogenic vitamin A toxicity?

A

Microcephaly, cardiac anomalies, fetal death (especially in the first trimester).

14
Q

In lead poisioning, what enzymes are most sensitive to toxic exposure (i.e. inactivated by lead)?

A

d-aminolevulinate dehydratase and ferrochetalase are most sensitive to lead inhibition.

15
Q

What byproducts accumulate in lead poisioning?

A

d-ALA and protoporphyrin IX.

16
Q

What class of drugs commonly interact with Linezolid?

A

Antibiotics.

17
Q

What are the classic symptoms of serotonin syndrome.

A

Neuromuscular excitation (hyperreflexia, clonus, myoclonus, rigidity); autonomic stimulation (hyperthermia, tachycardia, diaphoresis, tremor); Altered mental status (agitation and confusion)

18
Q

What is Linezolid used to treat?

A

Serious gram positive bacterial infections, particularly VRE and MRSA.

19
Q

What serious side effect is associated with a multiple drug regimen including Linezolid?

A

Serotonin Syndrome; Linezolid is a weak MAO inhibitor.

20
Q

Name three commonly used drugs that can induce serotonin syndrome when used concomitantly with other serotonergic drugs.

A

Tramadol, ondansetron (antiemetic), linezolid.

21
Q

How long must symptoms of schizophrenia be present in order to be classified as schizophrenia?

A

Over 6 months.

22
Q

How long must symptoms of schizophrenia be present in order to be classified as brief psychotic disorer?

A

Less than 1 month

23
Q

How long must symptoms of schizophrenia be present in order to be classified as schizophreniform disorder?

A

1-6 months.

24
Q

From which spinal cord level does the trigeminal nerve arise?

A

Mid pons at the level of the middle cerebellar peduncles.

25
Q

What is a key neuro-anatomical landmark that is used to locate the trigeminal nerve?

A

Middle cerebellar peduncles.

26
Q

What symptoms are caused by infarcts involving the anterior portion of the medial pons?

A

Dysarthria and contralateral hemiparesis.

27
Q

Impaired adduction of the eye depends on what nerve and muscle?

A

CN III and the medial rectus muscle.

28
Q

Describe the path through which the occulomotor nerve travels.

A

Originates in the occulomotor nucleus of the midbrain, emerges from the anterior midbrain, enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure.

29
Q

What nerve mediates the sensory limb of the corneal reflex?

A

Nasociliary branch of CN V opthalmic.

30
Q

What common complication of prematurity can lead to longterm neurodevelopmental impairment?

A

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).