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Pre-DC A&P ll Exam 3 Cardiovascular System > Deck 1/Page 1 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Deck 1/Page 1 Deck (22)
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1
Q

3 layers of the heart wall

A
  1. Epicardium= visceral pericardium
  2. Myocardium = cardiac muscle (bulk of heart)
  3. Endocardium = smooth inner lining of heart chambers and valves (simple squamus epithelium)
2
Q

Chambers of the heart (2)

A
Atria= upper chambers
Ventricles = lower chambers
3
Q

Right and Left atrium are separated by what?

A

interatrial septum

4
Q

Atria characteristics:

A
  1. receives blood from veins (PASSIVE)
  2. thin walled chambers
  3. covered by ear like flaps called auricles
  4. Fossa ovalis - oval shaped/concave
5
Q

Right and Left ventricle are separated by what?

A

interventricular septum

6
Q

Ventricles characteristics:

A
  1. pump blood from the heart into arteries (ACTIVE)
  2. thick walled chambers
  3. trabeculae carneae
7
Q

What are Trabeculae Carneae?

A

the irregular inner surface (ridges and folds) of the ventricles

8
Q

Arteries do what with blood?

A

They carry blood AWAY from the heart

9
Q

Major blood vessels associated with the heart are?

A
  1. Arteries
    a. Aorta
    b. Pulmonary arteries
    c. Coronary arteries
  2. Veins
    a. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
    b. Coronary sinus
    c. Pulmonary veins
10
Q

Veins do what with blood?

A

They carry blood TOWARD the heart

11
Q

Arteries carry blood that are: high and low in what?

VS Veins?

A

Arteries are: High in O2 and Low in CO2

*Except pulmonary arteries, which are low in O2 and high in CO2

Veins are: High in CO2 and Low in O2

*Except pulmonary veins that are high in O2 and low in CO2

12
Q

Aorta, Pulmonary arteries, and

Coronary arteries carry blood from where to where?

A
  1. Aorta: carries blood from L ventricle to the body
  2. Pulmonary arteries: carry blood from R ventricle to lungs (via pulmonary trunk)
  3. Coronary arteries carry blood to myocardium
13
Q

What blood vessels are highest in O2?

A

Coronary arteries and Pulmonary Veins

14
Q

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava, Coronary sinus and Pulmonary veins carry blood from where to where?

A
  1. Superior Vena Cava brings blood from Head to Upper limbs
  2. Inferior Vena Cava brings blood from Trunk to Lower limbs
  3. Coronary Sinus brings blood from the myocardium
  • # 1-3 Deposit Oxygen- POOR blood into RIGHT ATRIUM
    1. Pulmonary veins bring Oxygen-RICH blood from lungs to Left atrium
15
Q

General function of heart valves

A

Prevent back flow of blood

16
Q

Location of Atrioventricular valves (AV valves)/ Mitral Valve

A

Tricuspid Valve: (R AV valve) lies between the Right atrium and ventricle

Bicuspid Valve: (L AV valve) lies between Left atrium and ventricle

17
Q

Semilunar Valves (SL valves)

A

Pulmonary SL Valve: lies within pulmonary trunk

Aortic SL Valve: lies within the aorta

18
Q

Pulmonary Circulation does what?

A

Occurs between the heart and lungs

19
Q

Coronary Circulation is?

A

How the heart muscle itself is supplied with blood

or, the pathway through the Myocardium

20
Q

Systemic Circulation is?

A

Circulation of blood throughout the body through the arteries, capillaries, and veins

21
Q

Anastomoses

A

connections between 2 or more branches of arteries that supply the same region of blood

  • may provide alternate routes for blood to reach a particular region
  • many in the heart
22
Q

4 branches of the heart:

A

Left Coronary Artery:

  1. Circumflex Branch (goes around back)
  2. Anterior Interventricular Branch (“Anterior Descending Branch”) (“Widow Maker”) - buildup of athrosclerotic plaque

Right Coronary Artery:

  1. Right marginal Branch
  2. Posterior interventricular Branch