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Flashcards in Decision Making Deck (16)
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1
Q

Define and discuss problem solving and decision-making

A

Problem solving
• Comprehensive, sequential, cognitive process used to solve a problem by reducing the difference between current and desired conditions
• Closing the gap between “what is” and “what should be”
• Process that purposefully & constantly re-evaluates
Decision-making
• Process that chooses a preferred option or a course of actions from among a set of alternatives on the basis of given criteria or strategies
• Cognitive process leading to the selection of a course of action among alternatives

2
Q

Identify and apply the steps in the decision making process

A
  • Define the problem
  • Gather data
  • Analyze data
  • Develop solutions
  • Select solutions
  • Implement solutions
  • Evaluate result
3
Q

Describe strategies for effective decision-making

A
  1. Nominal group activity (nonverbal aspect)
    • Time consuming
    • Everyone writes out idea
    • Presentation of ideas on flip charts
    • Discussion and clarification of ideas
    • Private vote
    • Solution is the highest ranked idea by greatest number of the group
  2. Delphi
    • Involves questionnaire responses not in person
    • Collecting opinions via questionnaire
    • Responses tabulated, analyzed and summarized
    • Disseminated back to group until consensus is reached
    • Can be effective with a large group and generates many ideas
  3. Consensus building
    • An opinion or position reached by a group as a whole
    • Not a stepped procedure
    • Coming to a solution that is acceptable
    • Not a decision with total agreement by all members however all members need to accept/commit to the decision
    • Advantage
    o All members participate
    • Disadvantage
    o Time consuming
    • Reserve this strategy for important decisions that participants will have to live/work with
  4. Groupthink
    • Goal is to have opinions and decisions valued by 100% of the group
    • Group questioning or ideas are discouraged
    • Requires a strong leader to encourage all members to think independently
    • Opinions are collected by the leader.
    • Time allocated to allow members to gather data and reflect
    • Disadvantage
    o Hinders creativity
4
Q

Describe advantages and disadvantages to participative decision-making

A

Advantages
• Improves quality of decision by having group involvement
• More ideas generated by a group than individual
• Decisions are more accepted and committed to by participants
• Implementation is easier if individuals are involved in the process
Disadvantages
• Requires more time.
• Unequal power among group members
• Dominant personalities may influence unduly
• Focus is on the group versus the task
• Socializing and camaraderie can slow down the process

5
Q

Describe the relationship between communication and leadership

A
  • Leadership is the act or an instance of leading
  • Needs to demonstrate facilitative leadership
  • Communication is a tool/skill utilized in & essential for effective leadership
  • Effective communication and transparency in leadership builds trust within a group
  • A leader is necessary in a group to assist movement towards a goal (a cheerleader)
  • Leadership involves a person, a group and goals
6
Q

Distinguish between formal and informal channels of communication

A
Formal
•	Downward – top down
•	Upward
•	Horizontal/lateral
•	Diagonal
Informal
•	Grapevine
o	Ingrained
o	Co-exists with formal lines
o	Info distorted 75%
o	Affects morale
o	Rapid and influential
7
Q

Differentiate between intradisciplinary, interdisciplinary and organizational communication

A

Intradisciplinary
• Networking, support and collaboration within a discipline
o Nursing – PCC, RN, LPN
Interdisciplinary
• Networking, support and collaboration across disciplines
o Nursing, physio, SW, physician
Organizational
• Established communication within and outside an orgnaization

8
Q

critical thinking

A
  • Mode of thinking about any subject, content, or problem in which the thinker improves the quality of their thinking
  • Contextual process of thinking ahead, thinking in action and thinking back
  • Necessary to make decisions or solve problems
  • Allows for thinking outside the box
9
Q

clinical judgement

A
  • Assists us to anticipate or prevent problems
  • An interpretation or conclusion about a patient’s needs, concerns, or health problems
  • A series of decisions
  • Often a result of a problem but not always
10
Q

factors influencing decision-making

A
•	Intrinsic factors
o	Personal Perception and preference
o	Knowledge and experience
o	Competence
o	Self-confidence
o	Stress
•	Extrinsic factors
o	Organizational climate and culture
o	Patient autonomy
o	Legislation and regulation
11
Q

pitfalls to effective decision-making

A
  • Making decision on first available information
  • Not wanting to ‘rock the boat’
  • Justification for previous decisions
  • Ignoring evidence that differs from opinion
  • Presenting with a bias or leading question
  • Inaccurately determining probabilities to solutions
12
Q

team vs group decision

A
  • Not all groups become a team
  • Groups are individuals who have an interdependent relationship
  • Team members share ownership of purpose
13
Q

conditions that influence decision-making

A
  • Responsibility for the decision
  • Comfort level in making decisions
  • Adequate info or degree of information which followers have access to or are entitled to have
  • Commitment value/acceptance priority
14
Q

phases of group development

A
•	Forming
o	Group awareness
•	Storming
o	Tension/conflict arises
•	Norming
o	Cohesiveness established
•	Performing
o	Progress being made
•	Adjourning
o	Reflection, evaluation, closure
15
Q

group leadership

A
  1. Imposed leadership
    • A leader is formally designated or appointed by a person, group or organization
  2. Emergent leadership
    • A leader is informally chosen
    • The group recognizes an individual’s ability or level of influence & selects him or her
16
Q

personalities within a group

A
1.	Criticizer
•	Finds fault
2.	Passive
•	Will not take a stand
3.	Detailer
•	Focused on facts/narrow focus
4.	Controller
•	Monopolize the discussion
5.	Pleaser
•	Will not oppose
•	Very agreeable