Day 6: Thermodynamics Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Day 6: Thermodynamics Deck (34)
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1
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Conservation of energy (energy can’t be created or destroyed)

2
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

For spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases

3
Q

Third Law of thermodynamics

A

A perfect crystal at 0K has zero entropy

4
Q

Change in internal energy equation

A

Δ(E) = q + w
E -> change in internal energy
q -> heat
w –> work

5
Q

Work

A

w = -PΔV (most common)

6
Q

Gas in a piston: transfer of heat

A

locks piston

7
Q

Expanding gases

A

Cool

8
Q

Compressing gases

A

Warm

9
Q

Isobaric

A

( ΔP = 0) constant pressure

10
Q

Isochoric

A

(ΔV = 0) so w=0 Constant volume

11
Q

Isothermal

A

(ΔT = 0 so ΔE = 0) Constant temperature

12
Q

Adiabatic

A

(q=0) No heat

13
Q

Expansion

A

Increase in volume, no work

14
Q

Compression

A

Decrease in volume, increase work

15
Q

Are heat and work state functions?

A

No

16
Q

State Functions

A

independent of pathway (only cares for initial & final states)

17
Q

Entropy (S): phases of matter, from low to high

A

s

18
Q

Enthalpy (H): Exothermic & Endothermic

A

Exothermic: (ΔH 0) surroundings get cold

19
Q

Bonded atoms have ________ energy

A

lower

20
Q

Bonds breaking is

A

endothermic

21
Q

Bond making is

A

exothermic

22
Q

ΔH =

A

∑D(broken) - ∑D(formed)

23
Q

Catabolism

A

Exothermic

24
Q

Anabolism

A

Endothermic

25
Q

Enthalpies of formation

A

ΔH°rxn = Σ ΔH°f (products) - Σ ΔH°f (reactants)

26
Q

Hess’ Law: Formation Reactions:

A
  1. Forms 1 mol of product

2. All elements are in standard state

27
Q

Gibb’s Free Energy (G)

A

ΔG = ΔH - (TΔS)

28
Q

ΔG

A

Spontaneous K>1, favors products

29
Q

ΔG>0

A

Non-spontaneous K

30
Q

ΔG=o

A

At equlibrium

31
Q

ΔH (-) ΔS (+)

A

Spontaneous at ALL temperatures

32
Q

ΔH (+) ΔS (-)

A

Non-spontaneous at ALL temperatures

33
Q

ΔH (-) ΔS (-)

A

Spontaneous at LOW temperatures (condensation)

34
Q

ΔH (+) ΔS (+)

A

Spontaneous at HIGH temperatures (Boiling)