Criminal: Topic Three Flashcards
What did Fisher & Geiselman create?
The cognitive interview
What are the 4 steps of the cognitive interview (CI)?
1) Report everything
2) Recall in different temporal orders (ie from end to beginning)
3) Context reinstatement (mentally putting themselves back in the situation - sights/sounds/smells)
4) Recall from different perspectives (e.g. another witness, suspect or victim)
What did Reid create?
The 9 steps of interrogation
What are the main steps of the 9 steps of interrogation
1) Positive confrontation - tell the suspect that you believe
8) Get the suspect to make an oral confession
9) Convert the oral confession to a written confession that can be used in court
What did Fisher & Geiselman create after the CI?
The enhanced cognitive interview (ECI)
What are the first two points of the ECI?
Establish a rapport to make the witness feel more at ease and witness should also be informed what is expected of them and what will happen
What are the second two points of the ECI?
Interview-compatible questioning: match the questions to the aspect the witness is recalling and possibly getting he witness to sketch a plan
What is the last point of the ECI?
Stay away from leading questions
What did Mann look into?
Lie detection techniques
What did Mann test?
The ability of Police officers in lie detection
Describe the sample in Mann’s study
99 Kent Police officers (24F, 75M)
What were P’s shown? (Mann)
54 clips of 14 suspect interviews
How long did each clip last? (Mann)
6-145 seconds
What were P’s given a questionnaire about? (Mann)
Their experience and answered whether they thought it was a lie or truth, how confident they were about this and what cue’s helped them to decide this
What did Mann conclude?
These officers were better than in other studies with accuracy, also, experience leads to better accuracy
