Cranial Nerves: Clinical applications Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Cranial Nerves: Clinical applications Deck (20)
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1
Q

What is the most probable aetiology of anosmia (loss of smell)

A

A fractured cribriform plate tearing the olfactory nerve fibres

2
Q

How does an increase in CSF cause papilloedema

A

optic nerve carries arteries and veins to the eye, pressure build up due to CSF will increase above venous pressure ( blood isn’t taken away) and will decrease below arterial pressure (blood still going to the eye) this congestion of blood results in overall oedema of the eye

3
Q

What would occur if there is damage/cut to the right optic nerve

A

Right sided blindness

4
Q

What would occur if the optic chiasm was damaged/cut

A

bitemporal hemianopsia

vision is missing in the outer half of both the right and left visual field

5
Q

What would occur if the right optic tract was damaged/cut

A

Left homonymous hemianopsia

loss of half of the field of view on the same side in both eyes

6
Q

What is the clinical applications if the oculomotor is damaged

A

drooping of upper eyelid (ptosis)

eyeball abducted and pointing down
(due to SO and LR)

no pupillary reflex

no accommodation of the lens

7
Q

What is the clinical applications if there is damage to the trochlear CNIV

A

Diplopia (double vision) when looking down

this is due to the misalignment of the eye so is accompanied with a head tilt to relieve the diplopia giving better alignment

8
Q

What is the clinical application if there is damage to the abducent CNVI

A

Poor eye alignment due to medial deviation (cross eyed) causing diplopia (double vision)

9
Q

What is the clinical applications of damage to trigeminal CNV

A

Paralysis of muscles of mastication

Loss of corneal or sneezing reflex

Loss of sensation in the face
or
Trigeminal neuralgia (inappropriate senses touch=pain)

10
Q

What cranial nerve is most frequently injured and why

A

Facial nerve due to long pathway through the bone

11
Q

What is the cause of Bell’s palsy

A

Paralysis of facial nerve

12
Q

What is the symptoms of Bell’s palsy

A

Temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face

Cannot frown,
Close eye lid or bare teeth

13
Q

What is the clinical applications if vestibulocochlear is damaged

A

tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

deafness (conductive vs sensorineural)

vertigo (loss of balance)

nystagmus (involuntary rapid eye movements)

14
Q

What is the clinical application if glossopharyngeal is damaged

A

Loss of gag reflex and taste from back of tongue

15
Q

What occurs in jugular foramen syndrome

A

Injuries to
glossopharyngeal CNIX
Vagus CNX
and Accessory CNXI

16
Q

What is the clinical application if their is damage to Vagus pharyngeal branches

A

Difficulty swallowing

17
Q

What is the clinical application if their is damage to Vagus laryngeal branches

A

Difficulty speaking

18
Q

What is the clinical application is there is damage to the accessory nerve

A

Weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulders

19
Q

What is the clinical application if there is damage to hypoglossal nerve

A

Causes paralysis & atrophy of ipsilateral half of tongue.

Tip of tongue deviates towards affected side

20
Q

When is hypoglossal nerve vulnerable to damage

A

During tonsillectomy