Crammin 4 ID exam 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Crammin 4 ID exam 1 Deck (24)
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1
Q

Pneumoniae carinii

A

Rare, opportunistic infection commonly seen in HIV/AIDS patients indicative of the disease

2
Q

AIDS defining diseases

A

Pneumocystic jerovecci (pcp), oral candida, and toxoplasma

3
Q

Test to order for HIV

A

Lab ordered 4th gen HIV antibody/antigen test (monitors viral protein P24 for early detection)

4
Q

Confirmatory HIV test

A

Lab ordered HIV1/2 differentiation immunoassay

5
Q

5 classes of HIV drug treatment

A

1) Fusion/entry inhibitors
2) Non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inibitors
3) Nucleoside analogues
4) Integrase inhibitors
5) Protease inhibitors

6
Q

HIV regimen

A

3 active meds, sometimes 2 supplemental ritonavir and cobicstat

7
Q

MIC and MBC

A

Minimum inhibitory conc. to stop microbial growth, want at least this conc. from dosage to be achieved, minimum bacteriocidal conc. is lowest conc that produces a 99.9% decline in number of bacterial colonies, want to shoot for this

8
Q

5 Indications for combination therapy of antibiotics

A
  • Severe infection shotgun approach
  • Mixed infection
  • Prevention of resistance
  • Decreased toxicity
  • Enhanced action
9
Q

Mueller hinton agar

A

Nondifferential media containing protein and starch for all organisms to grow

10
Q

Routine culture contents

A

Blood agar

11
Q

Chocolate agar

A

Heated blood agar useful for haemophilus influenza

12
Q

Thayer martin agar

A

Chocolate agar with antibiotics for niesseria

13
Q

Anaerobic culture

A

Fresh sheep blood

14
Q

Sabouraud agar

A

Low pH high sugar for fungal cultures

15
Q

How is sickle cell, thalassemias, and G6PD deficiency an evolutionary advantage?

A

Sickle cell protects against malaria (plasmodium falciparum) by impairing ability of parasite to manipulate adhesins so they become sticky against capillary walls, thasallemias decreases hemoglobin, G6PD deficiency causes blood cell breakdown prematurely, both protective against malaria

16
Q

List the 4 virulence factors

A

1) adhesins
2) invasins
3) evasins
4) toxins

17
Q

Endemic vs epidemic

A

Disease maintained in population with predictable regularity vs disease exceed number of expected cases in given period of time

18
Q

7 criteria to be pathogenic

A

1) enter host
2) establish and adhere
3) acquire nutrients
4) avoid immune defenses
5) replicate
6) disseminate
7) transmit to new host

19
Q

Currant jelly sputum makes you think of this

A

Klebsiella

20
Q

Grape smelling drainage

A

Pseudomonas

21
Q

Corticosteroids are important to know when it comes to past medical history for an ID because…

A

They can reduce the ability to fight infection

22
Q

Insect repellant to use on vacation

A

DEET

23
Q

Caution with imodium usage

A

In the case of invasive diarrhea (bloody stool) can lead to perforation of the bowel

24
Q

Recommended immunizations for international travel

A
  • yellow fever (required)
  • Hep A
  • Japanese encephalitis
  • Typhoid
  • Rabies
  • Meningococcal disease