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Microbiology And Immunology > Covid > Flashcards

Flashcards in Covid Deck (28)
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1
Q

What are the 4 genera of corona virus

A

Alpha beta gamma delta

2
Q

Explain the genome of covid

A

Ss rna + (just like hiv)

3
Q

Is corona enveloped

A

Yes

4
Q

Which protein does corona have in its genome

A

Nucleoproteins

5
Q

Does covid have a nucleocapsid like hiv does

A

Yes

6
Q

What are the 3 proteins found on membrane or envelope

A

Membrane protein M

Envelope protein E

Spike protein S

7
Q

Why is the E protein needed

A

For viral release

8
Q

What does the spike protein bind to

A

Ace 2 receptors in lungs , kidney, gi

9
Q

Is the mrna translated as poly proteins

A

Yes

10
Q

What are nested mrna

A

Mrna which encodes half of the proteins such as spike

11
Q

Why are nested mrnas needed for translation

A

Genome is too long to have the one mrna encode for many poly proteins

12
Q

Which method of entry does covid take when ace 2 is bound with spike protein

A

Receptor mediated endocytosis into a vesicle (like influenza)

13
Q

What happens once covid is in the vesicle

A

The envelope fuses with the vesicle when the endosome is fused to lower the ph

14
Q

Where does transcription and replication for new genome occur

A

Rer

15
Q

Which enzyme allows transcription and replication of covid rna +

A

Rna dep rna polymerase

16
Q

What genera does SARS, mers and sars 19 belong to

A

Beta genera

17
Q

How did the original sars infect humans

A

Bats acted as a reservoir

Civets were the intermediate host

Infected humans

18
Q

What was the reservoir for mers which infected humans

A

Camels

19
Q

What 2 ways does covid spread

A

Through droplets and fomites (secretions from nose)

20
Q

What is the asymptomatic phase called in covid where shedding still occurs

A

Incubation phase

21
Q

How is covid diagnosed

A

Via PCR test

Nasopharyngeal swabs

22
Q

Why does someone have a false positive test

A

They still have the viral rna + inside them

Picked up by PCR

23
Q

How does covid later cause things like sepsis and tissue/organ damage

A

Due to the infected lung epithelial cells causing a cytokine storm which is inflammatory (sepsis)

24
Q

What are the 3 stages of the illness

A

1- viral replication asymptomatic

2- pulmonary symptoms when epithelial cells infected in lungs

3- cytokine storm —> tissue damage and sepsis

25
Q

Covid causes low lymphocyte levels, what is this called

A

Lymphophenia

26
Q

What is the syndrome which is from pneumonia caused by covid

A

Ards

Due to inflammation in lungs

27
Q

Other than normal treatments like o2 , ventilation to treat hypoxia , what 3 things fight infection

A

Rna dep rna polymerase inhibitors

Protease inhibitors (prevents polyprotein cleavage)

Plasma given with antibodies

28
Q

Which 3 things are given as an vaccine to produce antibodies

A

Mrna for spike protein

Recombinant surface protein

Viral vector packaging gene