Core Science - C1.5 - Fuels and Crude oil Flashcards
Petrol fractions contain the hydrocarbon octane, C8H18.
Explain what is meant by the term hydrocarbon.
(2)
An explanation including the following: • (compound of) carbon and hydrogen (1) • only (1)
One product obtained when hydrocarbons burn in air is carbon dioxide.
Describe a test to show that a gas is carbon dioxide.
(2)
A description including the following
• (pass gas into) { limewater /
calcium hydroxide solution}
which turns {milky / cloudy /
white precipitate} (2)Ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
State what is meant by the term unsaturated.
(1)
(contains carbon-carbon) double
bond / multiple bond
Ethene is used to make poly(ethene).
Describe how ethene molecules form poly(ethene) molecules.
A description including two of the following points • double bond (1) • (double bond) breaks (1) • ethene is a monomer (1) • many ethene (molecules)(1) • join / add / combine / react /bond (1) • to form polymer / (during) polymerisation(1)
Waste poly(ethene) can cause problems.
Explain the problems caused by waste poly(ethene).
(2)
following points: • non-biodegradable(1) • (therefore) does not rot / does not break down / disintegrate(1) • lasts for a long time / stays there(1) • fills up landfill (sites)(1) • (causes) litter / looks unattractive (1) • causes pollution (1) • can be a danger to wildlife (1) • produces gases when burnt (1) • a gas mentioned as a result of burning linked to the environmental problem it causes eg carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas are toxic (1)
Propane burns completely to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Describe how you would use limewater to show that carbon dioxide is
produced.
(2)
A description including the
following points
First marking point
an active mixing of carbon dioxide
with limewater eg.
{bubble /pass gas through / put
gas into /add gas to /mix gas with
/shake gas with} limewater (1)
Second marking point
how the limewater changes
milky/cloudy/white (precipitate)
(1)Incomplete combustion occurs when propane burns with insufficient oxygen
available for complete combustion.
Explain a problem caused by the products of this incomplete combustion.
(2)
Both marks must come from
the same pair only, not one
from each pair
An explanation linking one of the
following pairs
EITHER
• carbon monoxide formed
(1)
• toxic /poisonous /can {kill
/ harm/suffocate} people
/is {fatal /lethal} /restricts
the amount of oxygen
carried by the blood (1)
OR
• smoke/soot formed (1)
• damages lungs /chokes
people /makes things dirty
(1)Explain how a biofuel is different from a fossil fuel.
2
An explanation linking two of the
following points
• biofuels are {renewable
/will not run out} / fossil
fuels are {non-renewable /
will (eventually) run out}
(1)
• biofuels can be obtained
from {plants / animals
/animal droppings} (1)
• biofuels are produced
more quickly (than fossil
fuels) / fossil fuels take
longer to produce (than
biofuels) (1)
• fossil fuels are used faster
than being formed / finite
resource (1)
• fossil fuels are extracted
from crude oil (1)Poly(chloroethene), PVC, is used to make gutters and drainpipes.
One property of poly(chloroethene) is that it is easy to shape.
Describe other properties of poly(chloroethene) that make it suitable for gutters
and drainpipes.
(2)
A description including two of the
following points
• rigid (1)
• tough / strong / does not
break easily (1)
• long-lasting / durable /
hardwearing (1)
• does not {rot / corrode} /
non-biodegradable(1)
• light(weight) / low density
(1)
• insoluble / waterproof /
water resistant / does not
react with {water/any
substance} / is unreactive
(1)Waste is often disposed of by putting it in landfill sites, by burning or by recycling.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each disposal method, and explain
which disposal method should be used for plastic bottles.
(6)
Landfill
Advantages
• requires no processing / easy to do
• (almost) all waste can be sent to landfill
Disadvantages
• uses valuable land
• loss of animal habitats
• polymers do not rot
• smell
• attracts {vermin /gulls}
• releases gases (as the waste rots)
Burning
Advantages
• produces useful energy
• solves the problem of landfill
• quicker than rotting in landfill
Disadvantages
• produces harmful / toxic products / named gas eg. carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide
Recycling
Advantages
• reuses the polymer /bottle
• makes new articles e.g. insulation blocks
• solves the problems of landfill and burning
• conserves natural resources
Disadvantages
• difficult to sort and clean
• uses energy
• coloured plastics have limited new uses
• not all items can be recycled
• requires public cooperation
Disadvantage of any one of the methods
• extra traffic / lorries / noise
Explanation of disposal method
• statement of chosen method of disposalPropene is an alkene. Alkenes are unsaturated. State what you would see when orange bromine water is shaken with propene. (1)
(turns) colourless/decolourises/
(orange) colour disappears
Describe what is meant by the term polymer.
2
A description including one of the following pairs • large molecule (1) • (formed from) (many) small molecules/monomers/alke nes (molecules) (1) OR • (formed when) (many) small molecules / monomers / alkenes (molecules) (1) • joined together (1)
Explain why it is an advantage to recycle polymers.
2
An explanation linking one of the following pairs • conserves crude oil /(natural)resource (1) • because do not have to make more (monomer/polymer) (1) OR • conserves crude oil((1) • which is a finite resource (1) OR • stops landfill filling up (1) • (which happens because) polymers non-biodegradable (1) OR • (polymers) are burnt/incinerated (1) • releases carbon dioxide/toxic gas (emissions) conditional on burning/incinerating(1)
Explain what is meant by the term alkane.
2
An explanation linking two of
hydrocarbon (1)
saturated (1)
{all / only} single bonds / no
multiple bonds / carbon carbon
bonds are single (1)Alkenes are used to make polymers such as poly(propene).
Uses of polymers depend on the properties of polymers.
Explain how a use of poly(propene) depends on one of its properties.
(2)
Second mark is dependant on the first examples use: buckets / bowls (1) property: rigid / strong / shatterproof / waterproof(1) OR use: carpets / ropes /clothing (1) property: made into fibres / hard wearing / flexible(1) OR use: packaging / bags (1) property: strong / lightweight / non-toxic / waterproof (1) OR use: medical equipment (1) property: because it can be sterilised (without melting) (1)
