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Flashcards in COPD Deck (14)
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1
Q

What 2 conditions is COPD comprised of?

A

Emphysema + Chronic bronchitis

ain’t nobody got time fo dat

2
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

Chronic neutrophilic inflammation in the bronchi/bronchioles, causing mucus hypersecretion and bronchospasms

3
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Alveolar collapse, leading to impaired gas exchange

4
Q

COPD patients have a productive cough, progressive breathlessness and frequent infective exacerbations. True/False?

A

True

5
Q

What is an epidemiological definition of chronic bronchitis?

A

Cough + sputum on most days for at least 3 months of 2 successive years

6
Q

What is meant by centriacinar emphysema?

A

Emphysema affecting proximal respiratory bronchioles; alveolar ducts + sacs remain in tact

7
Q

What is meant by panacinar emphysema?

A

Emphysema affecting terminal bronchioles; destruction of whole alveolus

8
Q

Describe how cor pulmonale (pulmonary heart failure) arises due to emphysema

A

Decreased gas exchange leads to decreased PaO2, which causes pulmonary vasoconstriction, increasing pressure in pulmonary arteries and thus the right side of the heart

9
Q

Emphysema is common in people who are deficient of which antiprotease?

A

a1-antitrypsin

10
Q

How does tobacco smoke affect the lung?

A

Increases no. of neutrophils and macrophages

Inhibits a1-antitrypsin

11
Q

What are the 4 main symptoms of COPD?

A

Productive cough
Wheeze
Breathlessness
Infective exacerbations

12
Q

What is the average % bronchodilator response in COPD?

A

Less than 15%

13
Q

Outline treatment for mild to severe COPD

A

SAMA (mild)
SAMA + LAMA + LABA (moderate)
+ ICS (severe frequent exacerbations)

14
Q

Outline treatment for acute exacerbation of COPD

A
Ipratropium neb
Salbutamol neb
Oxygen (24%)
Antibiotics if purulent sputum
Prednisolone oral