Contrastin Urban Environments: Mumbai Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Contrastin Urban Environments: Mumbai Deck (31)
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1
Q

Where is Mumbai?

A

On the West coast of India by the Arabian Sea, in the Maharashtra region, of which it is the capital

2
Q

What are the area and population of Mumbai?

A

4355km2

12.442 million

3
Q

How far is Mumbai from the capital city?

A

1000km from New Delhi

4
Q

By how much has Mumbai grown relatively since 1950?

A

From the 19th largest city globally (1950) to the 2nd largest (2010)

5
Q

What is the climate of Mumbai like?

A

Tropical (25-30 degrees)
Rainy Summer season
Dry October-April

6
Q

What is the relief of Mumbai like?

A

Very flat

Only Sanjay Ghandi Park and Chembur East significantly above sea level

7
Q

What is Mumbai’s GDP?

A

US$368bn

8
Q

What is the GDP of India as a whole and, more importantly, what fraction of this did Mumbai contribute?

A

US$2.112tn

17%

9
Q

How do the earnings of the top 10% in Mumbai compare to those of the bottom 10%?

A

370 times more earned by the rich

37,000%

10
Q

How much of the city’s wealth is held by the top 10%? How much by the top 1%?

A

75%

50%

11
Q

What proportion of Mumbai’s population live in slums?

A

45%

12
Q

Which part of the city holds the largest percentage of slum dwellers?

A

The East, primarily the South East

13
Q

How many public toilets in poor areas of Mumbai have access to water?

A

14%

14
Q

How many households in the poor regions of the city have access to piped water? What is the average?

A

Poor: 1/6
Citywide: 50.7%

15
Q

What is the major issue with healthcare in Mumbai?

A

Hospitals and healthcare centres are unevenly distributed
Traffic congestion means accessing these centres is difficult
Hospitals far from slums

16
Q

How many vehicles are driven on average in Mumbai?

A

4 million

17
Q

What issue do residents of the Northern suburbs face?

A

Burning of waste in the municipal garbage dump producing 10 times the WHO safe limit of particulate air pollution

18
Q

What are the water pollution issues in Mumbai?

A
Standing water
Toilets feed directly into rivers 
Landfill sites found on/next to waterways 
Funeral pyres swept into river
Industrial sludge disposed of in rivers
19
Q

What has water pollution meant for slum dwellers in Mumbai?

A

Dirty water spreads cholera and dysentery easily

Standing water provides breeding ground for mosquitoes

20
Q

Why is dereliction not a major issue in Mumbai?

A

The large number of illegal squatters means that abandoned buildings are quickly claimed

21
Q

What is an issue with dereliction?

A

Abandoned buildings occupied by squatters may be unstable or unsafe

22
Q

What was the major challenge of Mumbai’s physical environment?

A

It originally consisted of 7 islands, which have since been joined by reclaiming land from the sea

23
Q

What has Mumbai’s foundation meant for it’s citizens?

A

They are at high risk from flooding, particularly the squatters who live in unsafe land near rivers and coast

24
Q

In what 3 ways have Mumbai authorities attempted to combat water pollution?

A

Closing down practices which are illegally dumping waste
Establish an official waste collection system
Hire unemployed citizens to clean and maintain the rivers

25
Q

How else could Mumbai’s water be improved?

A

Building sewers and treatment plants
Building public toilets
Setting up rubbish collection systems
Dredging the river

26
Q

What has been done to combat air pollution in Mumbai?

A
20km electric monorail 
Encouraging bicycle use 
Increasing chimney heights and adding filters 
Building offshore wind farms 
Fitting green rooves 
Building more high rise buildings
27
Q

List the benefits of the Monorail

A

Accommodates 19,000 passengers daily
Reduces emissions and traffic congestion
Does not burn fossil fuel
Operates quietly

28
Q

What is India doing which will improve Mumbai’s environment?

A

Encourage solar power use by lowering the tariffs

Investing in battery technology

29
Q

What makes Mumbai a cultural hub?

A

All major world religions are practiced
Many languages are spoken, including some unique to Mumbai
Global festivals are celebrated
Home of Bollywood film industry

30
Q

How is Mumbai perceived by developed nations?

A

Dirty and undesirable, full of slums

31
Q

How is Mumbai perceived by Indians?

A

Good place to work

Affluent industrial centre