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Flashcards in Construction and Evaluation Deck (124)
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1
Q

Addenda

A

Statements or drawings that modify the basic contract documents after the letters have been issued to the bidders, but prior to taking the bids.

2
Q

Addition (to the contract sum)

A

an amount added to the contract sum either by an accepted additive alternate or by change order.

3
Q

advertisement for bids

A

Published public notice soliciting proposals for a construction project.

4
Q

Agent

A

One who acts on behalf of another>

5
Q

Alternate Bid

A

Proposal by bidder for amount to be subtracted from, or added to, the base bid if the corresponding change in the work is accepted

6
Q

Americans with disabilities Act (ADA)

A

Federal Civil rights legislation that establishes the right of persons with disabilities to equal access to sites and buildings, and sets design guidelines for its implementation

7
Q

Application for Payment

A

Contractor’s written request for payment of amount due on account of work completed and/or materials suitably stored on the site. Also called payment request

8
Q

Approved Equal

A

Material or method that is approved by the architect as being equivalent to what was originally specified.

9
Q

Arbitration

A

an alternative to litigating a dispute, in which one or more arbitrators hears the evidence and renders a decision.

10
Q

as built drawings

A

Drawings revised to show
changes made during construction. Sometimes
erroneously called As-Built Drawings. See record drawings

11
Q

Barrier-free provisions

A

regulations that provide for accessibility to buildings and sites for persons with disabilities

12
Q

base bid

A

the sum of money stated in the bid for which the bidder offers to do the work, not including any alternate bids.

13
Q

basic services

A

the architectural services normally required for a building project, usually consisting of schematic design, design development, construction documents, bidding or negotiation, and construction contract administration.

14
Q

bid

A

a proposal by a contractor ot do the wok required by the contract documents for a stipulated sum of money.

15
Q

bid bond

A

a surety bond guaranteeing that teh bidder will sign a contract, if offered, in accordance with his or her proposal.

16
Q

bidding documents

A

the invitation to bid, instructions to bidders, bid form, and the contract documents.

17
Q

bond

A

An agreement under which one
party (the surety or bonding company) guarantees to make good to another party (the obligee
or owner) the debt, default, or failure to perform of a third party (the principal or contractor). See bid bond, labor and material payment
bond, and performance bond. see surety bond

18
Q

bonus and penalty clause

A

a provision in the construction contract for payment of a bonus to the contractor for completing the project prior to a specific date, and for a charge (penalty) against the contractor for failing to complete the project by that date.

19
Q

cash allowance

A

an amount included in the contract sum to cover the cost of certain items not specified in detail. hardware and other finish items are often handled in this manner.

20
Q

certificate for payment

A

a statement by the architect informing the owner of the amount due the contractor on account for work completed and/or materials suitably stored.

21
Q

certificate of occupancy

A

a document issued by the government authority stating that a building complies with applicable laws and permitting occupancy for its designated use.

22
Q

certificate of substantial completion

A

a document prepared by the architect stating that the work is substantially complete, thereby establishing the date of substantial completion. it generally fixes the time within which the contractor must complete the unfinished work listed.

23
Q

change in services (of the architect)

A

professional services rendered by the architect, upon the owner’s request, in addition to the basic services identified in the owner-architect agreement. also called extra services.

24
Q

change order

A

a written order to the contractor, prepared by the architect and signed by the owner, contractor, and architect, which authorizes a change in the work, the contract sum, or the contract time.

25
Q

clerk of the works

A

the owner’s job site representative

26
Q

completion bond

A

a bond obtained by the contractor or owner, which guarantees that the project will be completed free of liens.

27
Q

comprehensive services

A

the architect’s basic services expanded to include certain additional services, such as programming, land use studies, ect.

28
Q

construction budget

A

the sum established by the owner as available fro construction of the project. see project budget.

29
Q

construction change directive

A

a document signed by the owner and the architect, which authorizes a change in the work, the contract sum, or the contract time. used when there is not complete agreement on the terms of a change order. see change order.

30
Q

construction documents

A

working drawings and specifications

31
Q

construction management (CM)

A

management services preformed by the architect or others, over and above normal architectural services, that contribute to the control of time and cost in the construction of a project.

32
Q

consultant

A

an engineer or other specialist retained by the architect to provide specified professional services to the architect that the architect is required to provide to the owner under the owner-architect agreement.

33
Q

contigency

A

an amount of money set aside in a budget to cover unanticipated expenses

34
Q

contract documents

A

Working drawings, specifications, addenda, general conditions of the contract, supplementary conditions, and the owner-contractor agreement.

35
Q

contract sum

A

The total amount payable by
the owner to the contractor, as stated in the
owner-contractor agreement, for performing the
work under the contract documents.

36
Q

contract time

A

The period of time within

which the work must be completed, as established in the contract documents

37
Q

cost plus fee eontract

A

An agreement under
which the contractor, or the architect, is reimbursed for his or her costs and, in addition, is
paid a fee for his or her services

38
Q

critical path Method (CPM)

A

A project
management procedure in which all events
and operations are charted in a way that establishes the optimum sequence and duration of
operations.

39
Q

CSI MasterFormat

A

A systematic listing of
construction trades, materials, systems, and
administrative requirements published by the
Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)
for the purpose of organizing construction
specifications.

40
Q

date of substantial completion

A

The date,
certified by the architect, when the construction is sufficiently completed, in accordance
with the contract documents, so that the owner
can occupy the project or specified area of the
project for the intended use.

41
Q

Davis-Bacon Act

A

A federal law that requires
the Department of Labor to set prevailing
wages for government-financed construction
projects.

42
Q

deposit for bidding documents

A

A deposit of
money required of each bidder as security for
the bidding documents, to ensure the return of
the documents by unsuccessful bidders.

43
Q

direct expense

A

Expense items directly
incurred by, or attributable to, a specific
project.

44
Q

direct personnel expense (DPE)

A

Salaries
and w’ges attributable to a specific project,
plus benefits, such as employment taxes, insurance, sick leave, holidays, vacations, pensions,
and similar contributions and benefits

45
Q

Division One

A

The General Requirements
Division of the specifications that establishes
the administrative and procedural duties of
the contractor, architect, and owner during
construction.

46
Q

due care

A

The requirement that a professional
exercise reasonable ability and judgment in a
specific circumstance, the absence of which
constitutes negligence. Also called standard of
care.

47
Q

errors and omissions insurance

A

Insurance
that financially protects an architect against
claims for damages resulting from professional
negligence. Also called errors and omissions
insurance. See professional liability insurance.

48
Q

estimate

A

A forecast of probable costs, as

opposed to a firm bid.

49
Q

express warranty

A

A legally enforceable

promise made by the warrantor.

50
Q

extra

A

An item of work involving additional

cost. See addition (to the contract sum).

51
Q

extra services

A

Professional services rendered by the architect, upon
the owner’s request, in addition to the basic
services identified in the owner-architect agreement. Also called extra services. See change in services (of the
architect).

52
Q

fast-track construction

A

A construction technique by which construction on each element
of a project is begun as soon as the design for
that element is completed, without waiting for
completion of the design for the entire project.
Its principal objective is to shorten the overall
construction time.

53
Q

final completion

A

The completion of all work
in accordance with the terms and conditions of
the contract documents.

54
Q

float

A

The extra time available for a construction activity above its estimated time duration, without causing any delay of project
completion.

55
Q

general conditions

A

The part of the contract
documents that states the rights, responsibilities, and relationships of the parties involved,
usually by means of a standard document published by the American Institute of Architects.

56
Q

general contract

A

The agreement between the
owner and the contractor for the construction of
a project.

57
Q

guarantee

A

A legally enforceable assurance of
the quality of materials and labor furnished for
a project, or of the length of time that a project
or a part thereof will perform satisfactorily.
Also called Warranty.

58
Q

guaranteed maximum cost

A

The amount
established by agreement between owner and
contractor as the maximum cost of performing
specified work. Also called guaranteed maximum price (GMP). See upset price.

59
Q

hold harmless clause

A

A contractual obligation
whereby one party agrees to guarantee another
party against loss or damage from specified
liabilities. Also called hold harmless clause. See indemnification

60
Q

incentive clause

A

Clause in a cost plus fee
contract between the owner and contractor
in which the savings betwreen the guaranteed
maximum cost and the actual project cost are
proportionally shared.

61
Q

indemnification

A

A contractual obligation
whereby one party agrees to guarantee another
party against loss or damage from specified
liabilities. Also called hold harmless clause

62
Q

indirect expense

A

Overhead expense, that is,
expenses indirectly incurred and not chargeable
to a specific project.

63
Q

instructions to bidders

A

Instructions in the
bidding documents for preparing and submiting bids for a project. Also called Notice to
Bidders

64
Q

insurance

A

Coverage by contract (insurance
policy), whereby one party (the insurance company) agrees to indemnify or reimburse another
(the insured) against loss from a specified
hazard. See liability insurance and professional
liability insurance.

65
Q

invitation to bid

A

An invitation to a selected

list of contractors soliciting bids for a project.

66
Q

labor and material payment bond

A

A bond
guaranteeing to the owner that the contractor
will pay for all labor and materials used for the
project.

67
Q

letter of intent

A

A letter signifying intention
to enter into a formal agreement and setting
forth the general terms thereof

68
Q

liability insurance

A

Insurance that financially
protects the insured against liability on account
of bodily injury or property damage sustained
by another.

69
Q

liquidated damages

A

A sum chargeable
against the contractor as reimbursement for
damages suffered by the owner because of the
contractor’s failure to complete the work within
a specified time.

70
Q

lowest acceptable bona fide bid

A

The lowest bid that complies with all the stipulated

requirements.

71
Q

lump sum contract

A

An agreement
under which the architect or contractor is paid
a specific amount as the total fee for services
performed. Also known as lump sum contract. See stipulated sum
contract.

72
Q

means of egress

A

The elements that comprise

an exit to the outside, including aisles, corridors, doors, and stairways.

73
Q

mechanic’s lien

A

A claim on property by
those who furnish material or labor for the
construction of a building. Clear title to the
property cannot be obtained until the claim is
settled.

74
Q

multiple of direct personnel expense agreement

A

An agreement providing for payment
for professional services based upon the direct
personnel expense multiplied by an agreed
factor.

75
Q

notice to bidders

A

Instructions in the
bidding documents for preparing and submiting bids for a project. Also called Notice to
Bidders. See instructions to bidders.

76
Q

observation

A

A term sometimes used for
on-site examination of the contractor’s w’ork
by the architect to determine in general if it
is proceeding in accordance with the contract
documents.

77
Q

option

A

a choice given to the contractor
to provide specified alternates without prior
approval of the architect.

78
Q

overhead expense

A

Overhead expense, that is,
expenses indirectly incurred and not chargeable
to a specific project. See indirect expense.

79
Q

payment request

A

Contractor’s written request for payment of amount due on
account of wrork completed and/or materials
suitably stored on the site. Also called payment
request. See application for
payment.

80
Q

penalty

A

A provision in the
construction contract for payment of a bonus to
the contractor for completing the project prior
to a specific date, and for a charge (penalty)
against the contractor for failing to complete
the project by that date. See bonus and penalty clause.

81
Q

percentage agreement

A

An owner-architect
agreement under wrhich the professional fee is
based upon a percentage of the construction
cost of the project.

82
Q

performance bond

A

A bond that guarantees
to the owner that the contractor will perform
the work in accordance with the contract
documents.

83
Q

post-completion services

A

Additional services

rendered to the owner by the architect following actual completion of the project.

84
Q

prime contractor

A

Any contractor on a project who has a contract directly with the owner.

85
Q

professional liability insurance

A

Insurance
that financially protects an architect against
claims for damages resulting from professional
negligence. Also called errors and omissions
insurance.

86
Q

program

A

A written statement of the owner’s

conditions and requirements for the project.

87
Q

progress payments

A

Payments made to the
contractor during progress of the work on
account of work completed and/or materials
suitably stored.

88
Q

project budget

A

The sum established by the
owner as available for the entire project, including the construction budget, land cost, equipment cost, financing cost, cost of professional
sendees, and contingency allowances. See
construction budget.

89
Q

project manual

A

The manual prepared by the
architect for a project, including the technical
specifications, bidding instructions and forms,
general conditions, supplementary conditions,
special conditions, and other legal and administrative documents.

90
Q

project representative

A

The architect’s representative at the site, who assists in the general
administration of the construction contract for
a project.

91
Q

punch list

A

A list of items to be corrected or
completed, which is provided by the contractor and usually expanded by the architect based
on a detailed inspection of the work prior to
substantial completion.

92
Q

record drawings

A

Drawings revised to show
changes made during construction. Sometimes
erroneously called As-Built Drawings.

93
Q

release of lien

A

A legal document signed
by a supplier of material or labor for a project, which releases his or her mechanic’s lien
against the property. See mechanic’s lien.

94
Q

retainage

A

An amount withheld from each
payment to the contractor in accordance writh
the terms of the owner-contractor agreement.

95
Q

sample

A

Material or assembly submitted for
the architect’s approval prior to manufacture or
delivery to the project.

96
Q

schedule of values

A

A statement furnished
to the architect by the contractor reflecting
the amounts to be allotted for the principal
divisions of the work. It serves as a guide for
reviewing the contractor’s periodic applications
for payment.

97
Q

separate prime contract

A

One of several
owner-contractor agreements for a project, each
of which provides for constructing a major portion of the work (general construction, electrical, mechanical, etc.) by a different contractor.

98
Q

shop drawings

A

Drawings prepared by contractor, subcontractor, manufacturer, or supplier, showing howr specific portions of the
work shall be fabricated and/or installed.

99
Q

sick building syndrome

A

A term used to
describe poor indoor air quality, w’hich can lead
to discomfort and possibly disease.

100
Q

single prime contract

A

A contract for building construction under which one prime contractor is responsible for the entire project,
in contrast to having separate contracts. See
separate prime contract.

101
Q

special conditions

A

Part of the contract documents, other than general and supplementary
conditions, describing unique conditions of a
project.

102
Q

specifications

A

Part of the contract documents,
comprising written descriptions of materials,
construction systems, and workmanship.

103
Q

standard of care

A

The requirement that a professional
exercise reasonable ability and judgment in a
specific circumstance, the absence of which
constitutes negligence. Also called standard of
care. See due care.

104
Q

statute of limitations

A

An ordinance that
specifies the period of time within which legal
action must be brought in order to obtain legal
relief for damage or injury.

105
Q

stipulated sum contract

A

An agreement
under which the architect or contractor is paid
a specific amount as the total fee for services
performed. Also known as lump sum contract.

106
Q

subcontractor

A

One who has a contract with
a prime contractor to perform a portion of the
work.

107
Q

submittal

A

A shop drawing, project data,
or sample submitted by the contractor to the
architect for review prior to incorporation in the
work.

108
Q

subrogation

A

The substitution of one entity

for another with regard to legal rights.

109
Q

substantial completion

A

As defined in the
AIA General Conditions, completion of a project to the point where the owner can occupy
all or designated portions of the work for the
purpose for which it is intended.

110
Q

superintendent

A

The contractor’s representative at the site.

111
Q

supervision

A

Direction of the work by the
contractor’s personnel. Supervision is not the
responsibility of the architect.

112
Q

supplementary conditions

A

Part of the
contract documents, prepared by the architect,
which may modify provisions of the general
conditions of the contract.

113
Q

surety

A

An individual or company that guarantees to make good to another party the debt,
default, or failure to perform of a third party.

114
Q

surety bond

A

An agreement under which one
party (the surety or bonding company) guarantees to make good to another party (the obligee
or owner) the debt, default, or failure to perform of a third party (the principal or contractor). See bid bond, labor and material payment
bond, and performance bond.

115
Q

Total Quality Management (TQM)

A

An
approach to the delivery of goods or services in
which quality is determined by customer satisfaction and conformance to requirements.

116
Q

trade discount

A

The difference between the

list price and the actual price paid.

117
Q

unit price

A

An amount, stated in dollars per
unit, provided by the contractor with his or her
bid for adding or deleting specific portions of
the work.

118
Q

upset price

A

The amount
established by agreement between owner and
contractor as the maximum cost of performing
specified work. Also called guaranteed maximum price (GMP). See upset price. same as guaranteed maximum
cost.

119
Q

vapor barrier

A

A membrane that prevents the

passage of water vapor through a wall or roof.

120
Q

waiver of lien

A

A document by which one
relinquishes the right of mechanic’s lien against
the property of another. See mechanic’s lien
and release of lien.

121
Q

warranty

A

A legally enforceable assurance of
the quality of materials and labor furnished for
a project, or of the length of time that a project
or a part thereof will perform satisfactorily.
Also called Warranty. See guarantee.

122
Q

work

A

All materials and/or labor required for

a project.

123
Q

working drawings

A

The part of the contract
documents, prepared by the architect, that
graphically illustrates the construction required
for the project.

124
Q

XCU

A

The exclusion from insurance coverage for liability arising out of (X) explosion or
blasting, (C) collapse of or structural damage to
a building, and (U) underground damage.