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Flashcards in Concerto Through Time Deck (37)
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1
Q

Which period involved the harpsichord?

A

The Baroque period

2
Q

Baroque music is atonal. True or false?

A

False - Baroque music is tonal (Western composers used major and minor keys to write this, replacing modal music)

3
Q

What group of instruments was dominant during the Baroque period?

A

String instruments

4
Q

What period was it that ran from 1750’s - 1820’s?

A

Classical

5
Q

When was the Baroque period?

A

1600’s - 1750’s

6
Q

Which period went from 1820’s - 1900’s

A

Romantic

7
Q

Give the correct order for these periods, 1st to most recent:
Romantic
Baroque
Classical

A

Baroque
Classical
Romantic

8
Q

Name some famous composers from the Baroque period

A

Bach
Vivaldi
Handel

9
Q

Which woodwind instruments were commonly used in the Baroque period?

A

Flute, recorder, oboe and bassoon

10
Q

During which period was the clarinet invented?

A

The Classical period

11
Q

What is a basso continuo, and which period does this relate to?

A

A continuous bass part, Baroque period

12
Q

Why were the dynamics of the Baroque period restrained to very loud or very quiet?

A

Because the harpsichord cannot gradually change between the two

13
Q

Name some famous composers from the Classical period

A

Beethoven
Mozart
Haydn

14
Q

Name some famous composers from the Romantic period

A

Chopin
Tchaikovski
Purcell
Wagner

15
Q

What was the main difference between orchestras over time?

A

They grew

16
Q

Which period was was the piano introduced?

A

Classical

17
Q

In the classical period, which group generally played most of the melodies?

A

The violins/ string section

18
Q

Classical symphonies tended to have 4 movements. True or false?

A

True

19
Q

What is a symphony? (Classical)

A

A big piece for an entire orchestra. They can last more than an hour

20
Q

What is a sonata?

A

Usually written for one instrument, with 3 or 4 movements

21
Q

During which period did the soloist have a ridiculously difficult part, where they could show off?

A

The Romantic period

22
Q

Five the definition of a cadenza

A

A piece performed by the soloist. Before the romantic period, they were mostly improvised

23
Q

What is a basso continuo?

A

A continued bass part often played on an organ or harpsichord, but could be on the cellos, double basses or bassoons. Feature of baroque period

24
Q

Give the dates for the periods

A

Baroque - 1600 to 1750
Classical - 1750 to 1820
Romantic - 1820 to 1900
20th Century - 1900 to 2000

25
Q

In the baroque period, what did composers use to contrast their music?

A

Modulation to change keys

26
Q

Talk about the easy ways to recognise baroque music/ their features

A

The melodies are built from short musical ideas/ motifs, that repeat quite often
The harmonies are simple, with a fairly narrow range of chords (mainly I and V)
The melody is packed with ornaments, making it more interesting
The music often involves counterpoint - with 2 or more melodies played at the same time. This texture is described as contrapuntual or polyphonic
The dynamics change suddenly, as the harpsichord couldn’t gradually change dynamics
Small orchestra
Polyphonic

27
Q

Which structures were developed in the baroque period?

A

Binary and ternary form

28
Q

Which groups of instruments were dominant in the baroque period?

A

String instruments - violins, violas, double basses, cellos

Keyboard instruments - harpsichord, organ

29
Q

What instruments from these groups were used in the baroque period?

a) Strings
b) Woodwind
c) Keyboard
d) Brass

A

a) Violins, violas, cellos, double basses
b) Flute, recorder, oboe, bassoon
c) Harpsichord, organ
d) Trumpet and horns, but with limited valves

30
Q

What us the definition of a concerto?

A

It is a work for orchestra and soloist(s). They’re made up of movements, with common themes but contrasting tempos, keys, moods, etc.

31
Q

What are the 2 types of baroque concerto and what do they include?

A

1) Solo concerto - a single solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra
2) Concerto grosso - small group of soloists is contrasted with the rest of the orchestra (the ripieno) and the basso continuo

32
Q

What are common features of the classical period?

A
Homophonic
Diatonic
Balanced phrasing
Alternating bass and (simple) chords
Terraced dynamics
Classical sized orchestra
Solo concerto more popular - one soloist
Improvised solos
Piano, clarinet
Larger range of percussion (timpani more, bass drums, snare drums, triangles, cymbals)
33
Q

What are common features of the classical period?

A
Homophonic
Diatonic
Balanced phrasing
Alternating bass and (simple) chords
Terraced dynamics
Classical sized orchestra
Solo concerto more popular - one soloist
Improvised solos
Piano, clarinet
Larger range of percussion (timpani more, bass drums, snare drums, triangles, cymbals)
Strings dominant, played most of the melodies
Wind instruments play extra notes to fill the harmony. When they do get the tune, often just double the strings
Clear, simple structure - question and answer
Diatonic
Constant, clear tempo
Sonata form
34
Q

What does diatonic mean?

A

All the notes belong to the main key (or at least mostly)

35
Q

What are the 3 parts of sonata form?

A

Exposition - Themes are exposed/ heard for the first time
Development - Themes go through interesting twists and turns
Recapitulation - themes are recapped/ played again

36
Q

What ideas did romantic composers show?

A

Ideas of love, hate, happiness, grief, life and death

Inspired by the natural world and the supernatural

37
Q

Give some features of the romantic period

A

Much more dramatic - VIRTUOSO
Wide range of dynamics, sudden and gradual changes could go from ppp to fff then back again.
Sforzandos
Dolce, amoroso, agitato
Tempo changes - rubato (robbed time)
Extra notes to chords for interesting harmonies, also created dissonance showing pain & misery
Show off, technically difficult
National pride - folk tunes and dance rhythms from homelands
Romantic sized orchestra
Piccolo, bass clarinet, contrabassoon (octave lower) + to wind
Percussion had xylophones, glockenspials, drums, cymbals, bells, triangles
Celestes (keyboard sounds like glockenspial) & harps
Brass more valves to pay more notes, trombones and tubas added
Large range of texture, timbre and dynamics
PIANO
Solos not improvised, but VERY complex - cadenzas