Component 3.4 - Kidney Failure And Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

How does diabetes cause kidney failure?

A

High glucose concentrations in the plasma results in glomeruli losing protein into the filtrate

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2
Q

How does high blood pressure cause kidney failure?

A

It causes damage to the capillaries of the glomerulus preventing ultrafiltration

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3
Q

What are the other causes of kidney failure?

A

Infection and crushing injuries

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4
Q

How is HBP treated to prevent this?

A

Drugs to reduce blood pressure e.g ace inhibitors

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5
Q

How does dialysis work?

A
  • Blood and dialysis fluid are separated by selectively permeable membrane
  • Dialysis fluid has same water potential as blood and same normal glucose conc of the blood but low ion concs and no urea
  • Inorganic ions and urea diffuse out down conc gradient
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6
Q

How does haemodialysis work?

A
  • Blood is taken from artery and run through thousands of fibres surrounded by dialysis fluid
  • Runs through machine in opposite direction (counter current)
  • Blood is returned to vein
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7
Q

What is continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis?

A
  • The patient drains dialysis fluid through a catheter in the abdomen, into the body cavity.
  • Membrane lining the body cavity and acts as dialysis membrane and has a rich supply of capillaries
  • Materials are removed from the blood
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8
Q

Why is CAPD better than haemodialysis?

A

1) Haemodialysis takes much longer

2) In CAPD the patient can walk around carrying on with normal activities

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9
Q

What other ways are kidney failure treated?

A

1) Medication to control blood potassium and calcium levels
2) Lower protein diet
3) Kidney transplant

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