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Flashcards in Community based medicine Deck (43)
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1
Q

What are the topics covered in “preventive and community based medicine”?

A

Introduction to community based medicine
Infectious disease control
Toxicology
Occupational medicine

2
Q

What does community based medicine emphasize?

A
Health and population 
Mental health 
Age
Social influence
Environmental Influence
Chronic illness
Impairment, disability, hanicap
3
Q

What is step 1 to community based medicine?

A

Assess the primary health issue in community

4
Q

What is step 2 to community based medicine?

A

Develop measurable objective to assess progress in addressing issues

5
Q

What is step 3 to community based medicine?

A

Select effective interventions to help achieve these objectives

6
Q

What is step 4 to community based medicine?

A

Implement selected interventions

7
Q

What is step 5 to community based medicine?

A

Eval of selected interventions

8
Q

What are some topics that fall under community based medicine?

A
Alcohol, Physical activity 
Cancer,  Sexual behavior
Diabetes,  Social Environment
Mental health,  Substance abuse
Motor vehicle,  Tobacco
Nutrition,   Vaccines
Obesity,   Violence
Oral health,  Worksite
9
Q

What are the goals of health people 2020?

A

Inc quality and years of healthy life

Eliminate health disarities

10
Q

Healthy people has 28 focus areas. Here I will list 1 - 7

A
Access to Quality Health Services	
Arthritis, Osteoporosis, and Chronic Back 	 	 Conditions
Cancer
Chronic Kidney Disease
Diabetes
Disability and Secondary Conditions
Educational and Community-Based Programs
11
Q

Healthy people has 28 focus areas. Here I will list 8 - 14

A
Environmental Health
Family Planning
Food Safety
Health Communication
Heart Disease and Stroke
HIV
Immunization and Infectious Diseases
12
Q

Healthy people has 28 focus areas. Here I will list 15 -

A
Injury and Violence Prevention
Maternal, Infant, and Child Health
Medical Product Safety
Mental Health and Mental Disorders
Nutrition and Overweight
Occupational Safety and Health
Oral Health
13
Q

Health people has 28 focus areas. Here I will list 22 - 28

A
Physical Activity and Fitness
Public Health Infrastructure
Respiratory Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Substance Abuse
Tobacco Use
Vision and Hearing
14
Q

What are the leading health indicators from Healthy people 2020?

A
Physical activity
Overweight and obesity
Tobacco use
Substance abuse
Responsible sexual behavior 
Mental health
Injury and Violence
Environment quality
Immunization
Access to health care
15
Q

What are the two types of communicable diesase?

A

Chronic and Degenerative

16
Q

What are the top 5 causes of mortality in the US?

A
  1. Heart Diease
  2. Cancer
  3. Stroke
  4. Chronic low resp disease
  5. Unintentional injuries
17
Q

1.2 mil Americans suffer from coronary incident but who has it more often?

A

Men more than women
White men more than black men
Black women more than white women

18
Q

How much has CHD mortality decreased from 1950 to 1999?

A

59%

19
Q

What is the leading cause of hospital care?

A

Heart disease

20
Q

What is the leading cause of premature, permanent disability in the US labor force?

A

CHD

21
Q

What are the risk factors for Heart Disease that can’t be changed?

A

Family history
Being male
Age (65+)

22
Q

What are the risks factors for heart disease that can be moderated?

A
Smoking
Elevated cholesterol and LDLs
Hypertension
Sedentary lifestyle
Obesity
23
Q

What is the third leading cause of death in the US?

A

Stroke

24
Q

How much has morality of stroke decreased since the 1950s?

A

70%

25
Q

What are some non-modifiable risk factors for stroke?

A

Age
Race
Being male
“Stroke belt” - South East US

26
Q

What are the modifiable factors for stroke?

A
Hypertension (major factor)
Diabetes
TIAs
Atrial fibrillation 
OC use 
Inc RBC count
Physical inactivity
EtOH J shaped curve
27
Q

What are the most frequent types of cancer?

A

Prostate
Breast
Lung, bronchus, colorectal

28
Q

What are the lifetime probability of developing cancer in males and females respectively?

A

46%

38% (inc after 60)

29
Q

What is the second leading cause of death in the US?

A

Cancer

30
Q

What are the most fatal cancers?

A

Leukemia
Lung and bronchus
Breast

31
Q

What are African American men less likely to diagnosed with cancer at stage 1 than White American men and when are they normally diagnosed?

A

Lack of access of care

Stage III

32
Q

What rank is heart disease dead different age groups?

A

5th for 1 - 24
3rd for 25 - 44
2nd for 44 - 65
Leading cause for 65+

33
Q

What rank is stroke dead in different age groups?

A
9th for 1 - 24
8th for 25 - 44
4th for 45 - 64
4th for 65 - 84
3rd for 85+
34
Q

What rank is cancer death in different age groups?

A

4th for 1 -24
2nd to accidents in 1 - 14
2nd for 25 - 44
2nd for 65 - 84 and 85+

35
Q

The goal of community based medicine is…

A

Emphasize the health of the individual and the population

36
Q

What are some new areas added to healthy people 2020?

A
Adolescent health
Blood disorders and safety
Dementias
Early/middle childhood
Global health
Healthcare associated infections
LGBT health
Older adults
Sleep health
37
Q

What does the “burden of illness” mean?

A

The impact of a health problem as measured by financial cost, mortality, morbidity or other indicators

38
Q

What are two possible quantifications of a burden of illness?

A

QALYs (Quality-adjusted life years)

DALYs (Disability-adjusted life years)

39
Q

If you lose one DALY that means you have lost;

A

One year of healthy life

40
Q

What does burden of illness measure?

A

The difference current health status and the ideal health status

41
Q

What is the environmental burden of illness?

A

The number of DALYs that can be attributed to environmental factors

42
Q

What is YLD (years lost to disability)?

A

Years of potenrial healthy life spent in states of less than full health

43
Q

What was the primary cause of YLD in 2004 and 2010 respectively?

A

Unipolar depression, low back pain