Collapsed Structures Flashcards Preview

GM Feb 2019 > Collapsed Structures > Flashcards

Flashcards in Collapsed Structures Deck (22)
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1
Q

Structural collapse can be caused by many different actions. What are the two main causes of structual collapse?

A

Natural & Human

2
Q

List the main causes of Natural causes of collapse?

A
  1. Earthquake
  2. Hurricane
  3. Lightning
  4. Flooding
  5. Subsidence
3
Q

List the main headings for Natural causes of collapse?

A
  1. Premises under renovation
  2. Accidental impact
  3. Arson
  4. Terrorist induced (aeroplane impact, vehicle impact. etc.)
  5. Accidental gas explosion
4
Q

When considering structural damage, what are the two main classes which buildings may be divided into?

A
  1. Framed buildings
  2. Unframed buildings
5
Q

How is the nature or type of collapse categorised?

A
  1. Internal
  2. External
  3. Total collapse
6
Q

List the types of internal collapse?

A
  1. Pancake
  2. Lean to
  3. V -Collapse
  4. Tent Collapse
7
Q

List the types of external collapse?

A
  1. 90o angle collapse
  2. Curtain fall collapse
  3. Inward / outward collapse
8
Q

Why is the 9Oo angle collapse the most dangerous form of external collapse?

A

As the wall falls outwards for a distance at least equal to its height.

9
Q

Why is the most severe form of structural failure Total Collapse?

A

As this is where all the floors have collapsed to the ground or basement level and all walls have collapsed onto the floors.

10
Q

Local authorities have full powers to deal with structures which may become dangerous, whether due to fire or any other cause. Who are the authorities concerned in the Greater London area?

A
  1. The City Corporation
  2. The ‘inner’ London Borough Councils, acting through the Dangerous Structures Engineer
  3. The ‘outer’ London Borough Councils, acting through the Dangerous Structures Engineer
11
Q

At rescues from collapsed structures how is the risk of injury to personnel heightened?

A

As a result of:

  1. Obstructed or restricted access
  2. Restricted vision e.g. smoke, dust
  3. Underfoot conditions
  4. Falling objects
  5. Overhanging hazards.
  6. Airborne particulate
  7. Oxygen deficient atmospheres
  8. Secondary collapse
  9. Weight and position of casualties
  10. Bulk and weight of debris
  11. Explosive/flammable atmospheres
  12. Poor lighting
  13. Biological hazards
  14. Exposed and damaged utilities, (gas, electricity and water)
  15. Asbestos
  16. Sharp and protruding objects
  17. Further acts of terrorism where this may have been the cause.
12
Q

What are the 5 modules of USAR capability?

A
  1. Module 1 – Structural collapse
  2. Module 2 - Major transport
  3. Module 3 – Breaching and Breaking
  4. Module 4 – Multi purpose vehicle (MPV)
  5. Module 5 – Timber
13
Q

What are the specialist skills and equipment available from USAR teams?

A
  1. Mapping and planning the incident, USAR have resources like GPS available to assist with this.
  2. Technical searches, this includes visual (cameras) seismic and audio.
  3. Breaching and breaking to explore voids.
  4. Shoring unsafe structures.
  5. Lifting and moving, specialist equipment for moving heavy loads/obstructions
14
Q

How many recognised stages of USAR are there?

A

6

15
Q

What does the ‘R’ in Stage 1 stand for in the pneumonic REPEAT?

A

Stage one: Reconnaissance and survey

16
Q

What does the ‘E’ in Stage 2 stand for in the pneumonic REPEAT?

A

Elimination of utilities

17
Q

What does the ‘P’ in Stage 3 stand for in the pneumonic REPEAT?

A

Stage three: Primary surface search and rescue

18
Q

What does the ‘E’ in Stage 4 stand for in the pneumonic REPEAT?

A

Stage four: Exploration of voids and spaces

19
Q

What does the ‘A’ in Stage 5 stand for in the pneumonic REPEAT?

A

Stage five: Access by selected debris removal

20
Q

What does the ‘T’ in Stage 6 stand for in the pneumonic REPEAT?

A

Stage six: Terminate by general debris removal

21
Q

Where should all offers of assistance by Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) be referred to?

A

The Officer of the day (OOD), via LOC.

22
Q

What type of collapse is this:

A