Cognitive Psychology Chapter IX Language I Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Cognitive Psychology Chapter IX Language I Deck (28)
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0
Q

Define psycholinguistics!

A

Psycholinguistics is the psychology of our language as it interacts with our minds.

1
Q

Define language:

A

Language is the use of an organized means of combining words in order to communicate.

2
Q

Six properties that are distinctive for language:

A
  1. Communicative
  2. Arbitrarily symbolic
  3. Regularly structured
  4. Structured at multiple levels
  5. Generative / productive
  6. Dynamic (constantly evolving)
3
Q

Two principles underlying word meanings:

A

principle of
- conventionality
- contrast
(Clark, Diesendruck)

4
Q

Principle of conventionality:

A

Words mean what conventions make them mean.

6
Q

Principle of contrast:

A

Different words have different meanings.

7
Q

The main purpose of language:

A

Language facilitates our being able to construct a mental representation of a situation that enables us to understand and communicate aut it (Budwig 1995, Zwaan, Radvansky 1998)

8
Q

Verbal comprehension is …

A

… the receptive ability to comprehend written and spoken linguistic input.

9
Q

Verbal fluency is …

A

… the expressive ability to produce linguistic output.

10
Q

What is the smallest unit of speech sound?

A

a phone

11
Q

What is a phoneme?

A

A phone that can be used to distinguish one utterance in a given language from another.

12
Q

Four similar words showing the importance of four phonemes:

A

sit, sat, fit, fat

13
Q

Phones that are not neccesary to distinguish words in a given language are sometimes referred to as …

A

… allophones.

14
Q

What are allophones?

A

Sound variants of the same phoneme.

15
Q

Phonemics is …

A

… the study of the particular phonemes of a language.

16
Q

Phonetics is …

A

… the study of how to produce or combine speech sounds or to represent them with written symbols.

17
Q

What’s on the next higher level after the phoneme?

A

The morpheme.

18
Q

What is a morpheme?

A

The smallest unit that denotes meaning within a particular language.

19
Q

Suffixes and prefixes together are …

A

… affixes.

20
Q

How many morphemes does the word “recharge” consist of?

A

2

21
Q

Two kinds of morphemes:

A
  1. Content morphemes

2. Function morphemes

22
Q

What do function morphemes do?

A
  • add nuances to content morphemes

- help the content morpheme fit the grammatical context

23
Q

Examples for function morphemes:

A

and, the, -ed

24
Q

What is the lexicon?

A

The entire set of morphemes in a given language.

25
Q

Syntax refers to …

A

… the way in which users of a particular language put words together to form languages.

26
Q

Two parts every sentence must have:

A
  • noun phrase

- verb phrase

27
Q

Semantics is …

A

… the study of meaning in a language.

28
Q

“Discourse” encompasses language …

A

… use at the level beyond the sentence (conversations, paragraphs, stories etc.).