Cognitive Psychology Chapter II (50-58) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Cognitive Psychology Chapter II (50-58) Deck (30)
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1
Q

Three major brain structures:

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

2
Q

Basal Ganglia are crucial to …

A

… motor function.

3
Q

Dysfunction in the basal gnglia result in deficits such as …

A

… tremors, involuntary movement, changes in posture and muscle tone and slowness of movement.

4
Q

Deficits that could result from a dysfunction in the basal ganglia are observed in which disease?

A

Parkinson’s disease

Huntington’s disease

5
Q

The limbic system is important to …

A

… emotion, motivation, memory, learning.

6
Q

Relatively undiveloped limbic systems can be found in …

+ implication

A

… reptiles and fish -> they almost exclusively respond to the environment by instinct.

7
Q

The limbic system conists of the following three central interconnected cerebral structures:

A
  • amygdala
  • septum
  • hippocampus
8
Q

The amygdala is involved in …

A

… anger and aggression and enhances perception of emotional stimuli.

9
Q

The septum is involved in …

A

… anger and fear.

10
Q

Leasions to or removal of the amygdala can result in maladaptive …

A

… lack of fear.

11
Q

Two other effects of leasions to the amygdala can be:

A
  • visual agnosia (inability to recognize objects)

- hypersexuality

12
Q

Hippocampus is latin and means:

A

seahorse (named after its shape)

13
Q

The hippocampus plays an essential role in …

A

… memory formation.

14
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome produces loss of memory function and is believed to be associated with …

A

… deterioration of the hippocampus.

15
Q

Excessive alcohol use can result in …

A

… Korsakoff’s syndrome.

16
Q

The hippocampus also monitors …

A

… what is where (spatial relations).

17
Q

Most of the sensory input into the brain passes through the …

A

… thalamus.

18
Q

Name four nuclei and their roles!

A
  • Lateral geniculate Nucleus (in vision)
  • Medial geniculate Nucleus (in auditiory domain)
  • Ventroposterior Nucleus (sensing pressure and pain)
  • Ventrolateral Nucleus (sensing physical balance and equilibrium)
19
Q

Thalamus malfunction can lead to:

A
  • pain
  • tremor
  • amnesia
  • impairment of language
  • disruptions in walking and sleeping
20
Q

The hypothalamus is related to:

A
  • fighting
  • feeding
  • fleeing
  • mating
21
Q

Hypothalamus malfunction can result in:

A
  • nacrolepsy (whereby a person falls asleep often and unpredictably)
22
Q

Why is the midbrain more important in non-mammals than in mammals?

A

It controlls eye-movement and coordination. In mammals these functions are dominated in the forebrain, in non-mammals in the midbrain.

23
Q

Name four nuclei and their roles!

A
  • Lateral geniculate Nucleus (in vision)
  • Medial geniculate Nucleus (in auditiory domain)
  • Ventroposterior Nucleus (sensing pressure and pain)
  • Ventrolateral Nucleus (sensing physical balance and equilibrium)
24
Q

What does geniculate mean?

A

“knee-shaped”

25
Q

What does RAS stand for?

A

reticular activating system

25
Q

RAS aka.

A

reticular formation

25
Q

The reticular activating system (RAS) is essential to the regulation of:

A

consciousness (sleep, wakefullness, arousal, attention and heartbeat, breathing)

25
Q

The brainstem connects …

A

… forebrain to spinal chord.

25
Q

The medulla oblongata controls:

A
  • heart rate
  • breathing
  • swallowing
  • digestion
25
Q

Where do nerves from the right side of the body cross over to the left side of the brain?

A

in the medulla oblongata