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AP Pysch > Cognition > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cognition Deck (28)
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1
Q

The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

A

Cognition

2
Q

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

A

Concept

3
Q

A mental image or best example of a category

A

Proto type

4
Q

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem

A

Algorithm

5
Q

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently

A

Heuristic

6
Q

A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem

A

Insight

7
Q

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

A

Creativity

8
Q

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions into ignore our distort contradictory evidence

A

Confirmation bias

9
Q

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set

A

Fixation

10
Q

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

A

Mental set

11
Q

The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; and impediment to problem-solving

A

Functional fixedness

12
Q

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular Proto types; may lead us to ignore other relevant information

A

Representativeness heuristic

13
Q

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind we presume such events are common

A

Availability heuristic

14
Q

The tendency to be more confident than correct, to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments

A

Overconfidence

15
Q

Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

A

Belief perseverance

16
Q

And effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious really

A

Intuition

17
Q

The way an issue is posed; How and if she was framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments

A

Framing

18
Q

Our spoken, written, or signed words in the ways we combined them to communicate meaning

A

Language

19
Q

In the language, the smallest distinctive sound unit

A

Phoneme

20
Q

In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word

A

Morpheme

21
Q

Any language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others

A

Grammar

22
Q

The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes , Words, and sentences in a given language; also the study of meaning

A

Semantics

23
Q

The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language

A

Syntax

24
Q

Beginning at about four months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language

A

Babbling stage

25
Q

The stage and speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words

A

One-word stage

26
Q

Beginning about age 2, the staging to be stability during which a child speaks mostly to word statements

A

Two-word stage

27
Q

Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs’s

A

Telegraphic speech

28
Q

Whorfs hypothesis that language determines the way we think

A

Linguistic determinism