Coasts: Coastal Management - Sustainable Approaches Flashcards

SMP and ICZM

1
Q

What does SMP stand for?

A

Shoreline Management Plan

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2
Q

What is an SMP designed to identify?

A

The

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3
Q

Who are DEFRA?

A

The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

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4
Q

Does DEFRA recommend SMPs?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What are the 4 options considered by SMPs for any stretch of coastline?

A

Hold the line
Advance the line
Managed retreat
No active intervention

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6
Q

What is holding the line?

A

Maintaining the current position of the coastline

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7
Q

What are often used to hold the line?

A

Hard engineering methods

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8
Q

What is advancing the line?

A

Extending the coastline out to sea

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9
Q

How does advancing the line work?

A

Build up of a wider beach is encouraged using beach nourishment methods and groyne construction

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10
Q

How can retreat of the coastline be managed?

A

By creating salt-marsh environments by deliberately breaching flood banks that protect low-quality farmland.

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11
Q

How many SMPs are there in the UK?

A

22

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12
Q

What is an SMP?

A

A strategic document that sets out policies to assist decision-making on flooding from the sea and coastal erosion risk management

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13
Q

What does ICZM stand for?

A

Integrated Coastal Zone Management

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14
Q

How long has coastal management focused on sustainability?

A

Since the 1990s

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15
Q

On what timescales do SMPs operate?

A

They aim to plan for the short term (0-20 years), medium term (20-50 years) and long term (50-100) years

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16
Q

What kind of approach to coastal management does ICZM use?

A

Ecosystem-based approach

17
Q

What is an ecosystem-based approach?

A

An approach that respects the limits of natural resources and ecosystems

18
Q

What 5 things does the European Commission believe pressure on the coast is leading to?

A
Biodiversity loss
Habitat destruction
Pollution
Conflicts between stakeholders
Overcrowding
19
Q

What is ICZM designed to do?

A

Integrate the interests of all stakeholders in coastal management

20
Q

What problems did the past sectoral approach to coastal management lead to?

A

Decisions that undermined each other
Inefficient use of resources
Failure to meet sustainability objectives

21
Q

The ICZM aims to co-ordinate the policies affecting what coastal activities?

A
Nature conservation
Aquaculture
Fishing
Agriculture
Industry
Offshore wind energy
Shipping
Tourism
Infrastructure development
Developments to adapt and mitigate against climate change
22
Q

What is the cycle of a properly conducted ICZM?

A

Planning
Decision-making
Managing and monitoring of implementation
Information collection