Coasts and how they are eroded Flashcards Preview

Geography Yr 10 Physical - Waves, Coasts, Sand dunes Book > Coasts and how they are eroded > Flashcards

Flashcards in Coasts and how they are eroded Deck (24)
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1
Q

What is a coastline?

A

The narrow strip of land that separates land from sea.

2
Q

What is a concordant coastline?

A

Same type of rock running parallel to a coast

3
Q

What is discordant coastline?

A

Different types of rock running parallel to a coast.

4
Q

What is a headland?

A

A headland is a cliff that juts out into the sea. They are composed of hard rock. They have steeper slopes

5
Q

What is a bay?

A

a broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inwards. An area sheltered by land by three sides. Sometimes contains sand and found near headlands. They have gentle slopes

6
Q

In which circumstance are headland and bays formed?

A

When there are discordant coastlines.

7
Q

Give an example of a hard rock

A

Clay

8
Q

Give an example of a hard rock

A

Chalk

9
Q

What is a cove?

A

A cove is a circular wide bay

10
Q

Explain the erosion of a cliff

A
  1. ) Processes of EROSION such as hydraulic action and abrasion erode the part of the cliff under water. This created a WAVE - CUT - NOTCH and causes OVERHANGING.
  2. ) Processes of WEATHERING such as physical and chemical affect the part of the cliff on top.
  3. ) The cliff can eventually become unstable and collapses and a new wave-cut notch forms
  4. ) Repeated collapsing results in the cliff RETREATING
  5. ) It also makes a WAVE - CUT PLATFORM that is the platform left behind
  6. ) Cliff collapses are mass movements. They happen due to strong gravity.
11
Q

Name three three types of cliff collapses / mass movements

A

Slumps, Slides and Rockfalls

12
Q

Define rockfalls

A

Material shifting and falling vertically downwards

13
Q

Define slides

A

Material shifting and falling in a straight line at an angle

14
Q

Define slumps

A

Material shifting and falling with a rotation.

15
Q

Define wave-cut notch

A

An area of heavy erosion found near the base of the wave.

16
Q

Define wave - cut platform

A

The platform under water in front of a cliff that has been created due to retreating of the cliff

17
Q

Explain how headlands and bay forms

A

.Certain types of rock are more resistant to erosion than others. Headlands and bays form where there is a discordant line.
. The less resistant rock is eroded quickly forming a gentle sloped bay
. The more resistant rock is eroded slowly jutting out forming a headlands that has steeper slides

18
Q

Describe the erosion of a headland

A

. Headlands are made of resistant rock
. Wave crash into headlands and erode the rock through hydraulic action and abrasion forming CRACKS
. The rock that usually gets eroded is called BEDDING PLANES.
. Repeated erosion causes enlargement and the cracks causes a CAVE to form
. Eventually erosion deepens the cave until it breaks through forming an ARCH
. Erosion continues to wear the rock supporting the arch and eventually it collapses forming a STACK
. A stack eventually also wears away to give a STUMP.

19
Q

Describe the formation of a cove

A

.They form where there is alternating bands of hard and soft rock
. The resistant rock slowly erodes and then eventually it reaches the softer rocker
. In the softer rock, erosion occurs quickly laterally and vertically
. When it reaches the resistant rock rate of erosion decreases.

20
Q

Name a hard rock

A

Clay

21
Q

Name a soft rock

A

Chalk - It is a type of sedimentary rock

22
Q

Formation of a blow hole

A

. Waves erode into the cave under water
. Processes of erosion take place
. Wave gets forced up out of the blow hole at the surface under pressure.

23
Q

What is a anticline?

A

A structure formed by the folding of rock strata(rock layers) into an arch like shape. Looks like an A shape.

24
Q

What is a sycline?

A

Anticlines are folds in which each half of the fold dips away from the crest. Looks like an S shape