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Fundamentals of Plant Biology > Co-evolution with animals > Flashcards

Flashcards in Co-evolution with animals Deck (16)
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1
Q

What is coevolution?

A

Interactive evolution of two or more species

2
Q

How does coevolution happen?

A

One species exerts a selective pressure on the other

3
Q

How do plants benefit from pollination?

A

Gets its genetic material dispersed

4
Q

How do animals benefit from pollination?

A

Gets food or specialized services

5
Q

What are 4 things that are really important for a plant to attract the right pollinators?

A
  1. Colour
  2. Shape
  3. Smell
  4. Taste
6
Q

Why are mammals able to see colour?

A

Plants exerted a selective pressure on us because we needed to be able to see when a fruit was ripe

7
Q

What colour do bird pollinated flowers tend to be?

A

Red

8
Q

What colour do insect pollinated flowers tend to be?

A

Yellow, white, or shift into the ultraviolet

9
Q

What is nectar made of?

A

Sugars, amino acids, vitamins, lipids, proteins

10
Q

Where are nectaries usually located?

A

Base of the petals

11
Q

How has the sea rose (Orphium frutescens) coevolved to only be able to be pollinated by one species of bee?

A

The pollen is closed in spiral anthers and won’t get released until the plant senses a very certain frequency nearby. That frequency is only produced by that specific species of bumblebee

12
Q

What plant family has especially taken advantage of using insect’s mating habits to get pollinated?

A

Orchids

13
Q

How can animals benefit from pollinating plants in ways other than receiving food?

A

Chemical compounds used in mating. Some orchids produce a perfume, and males with the perfume are more successful in mating

14
Q

Can pollination relationships be parasitic?

A

Yes, through sexual mimicry or food deception

15
Q

What is sexual mimicry?

A

The flower mimics a female of the pollinator by looking or smelling like a female. The male lands there expecting to mate but just gets covered in pollen instead

16
Q

What is food deception?

A

The flower mimics the smell of the pollinators normal food but doesn’t provide anything in return