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NMS > CN VII-XII > Flashcards

CN VII-XII Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles does CN VII innervate?

A

all muscles of facial expression as well as taste sensitivity to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (sweet, sour, salty)

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2
Q

the corticobulbar tract controls…

A

volitional movements of he forehead musculature equally from each cerebral hemisphere

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3
Q

what is usually spared in unilateral lesions involving corticobulbar pathways?

A

forehead movement

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4
Q

the lower face requires ____movement, therefore it receives a greater percentage of ____observation and _____lesions may have long term effects

A

unilateral
contralateral
contralateral

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5
Q

CN VII innervates what muscle?

A

stapedius

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6
Q

what is the function of the the stapedius?

A

dampen movement of tympanic membrane

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7
Q

stimulation of the parasympathetic fibers cause increased secretion of ____saliva

A

thin and watery

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8
Q

stimulation of sympathetic fibers cause increased secretion of _____saliva

A

thick and turbid

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9
Q

bell’s palsy

A

a condition that causes facial paralysis and is considered a LMN lesion (all ipsilateral facial muscles distal to the lesion are affected)

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10
Q

stroke

A

a type of facial paralysis, gradient of facial weakness due to bilateral innervations
Forehead is spared

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11
Q

examination of CN VII

A

instruct patient to look up and check fro symmetry in head wrinkles (note drooling, dysarthria, dysphagia)

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12
Q

the receptors are located in what part of the ear?

A

semicircular canals, utricle and saccule of middle ear

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13
Q

describe the pathway sound gets to the ear

A

impulses are carried to the vestibular ganglia and pass through the vestibular nerve
vestibular nerve through internal auditory meatus to brainstem and terminate on 4 of vestibular nuclei OR
pass through the inferior cerebellar peduncle as part of the vestibulocerebellum

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14
Q

what conflicting information will result in nystagmus?

A

CN II, IV or VI and CN VIII

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15
Q

the receptors of the cochlear division are located where?

A

organ of corti in the cochlea

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16
Q

hypoacusis with or without tinnitius is probably from…

A

conduction loss, receptor disease or lesion affecting CN VIII

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17
Q

hypoacusis

A

partial loss of hearing

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18
Q

hyperacusis

A

increased sensitivity to certain frequency and vlume ranges of sound

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19
Q

hyperacusis can be due to…

A

CN VII disorder or centrally located problem

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20
Q

there are 2 major varieties of hearing loss

A

conductive and sensorineural

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21
Q

common etiologies for conductive hearing loss

A

auditory canal obstruction
direct/indirect trauma to tympanic membrane
trauama/aging of ossicles
accumulation/fluid in middle ear

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22
Q

sensorineural hearing loss is typically treated to…

A

disease of organ of corti or auditory nerve

23
Q

what do you assess for when testing the vestibular division of CN VIII?

A

signs of vertigo

unsteadiness with or without falling, nystagmus, pallor, sweating, vomiting and hypotension

24
Q

the side toward which the fast component of nystagmus occurs…

A

on the side which the nystagmus is named

25
Q

carloric irrigation

A

utilizes warm (103-110F) or cold (drops/ice) water

26
Q

COWS

A

cold opposite

warm same

27
Q

explain the mechanism of a positive swivel chair test

A

holding head keeps vestibulocochlear proprioceptors inactivated, therefore only activating cervical proprioceptors

28
Q

what are the four cochlear divisions tests?

A

observation of external and internal ear

weber and rinne test

29
Q

what are the two tests of the vestibular division?

A

swivel chair tests, caloric irrigation

30
Q

what do you do with the earlobe during an adult otoscopic exam?

A

pull ear up and back

31
Q

what do you do with the earlobe during a child otoscopic exam?

A

pull ear down and out

32
Q

weber’s test lateralizes to the right, what are the findings?

A

right air conduction deafness or left sensorineural deafness

33
Q

weber’s test lateralizes to the right and rinne’s on the right was 10:10 (bone conduction:air conduction) and on the left was 10:20, what are the findings?

A

right air conduction deafness

34
Q

weber lateralizes to the right and rinne’s on the right was 10:20 (bone conduction:air conduction) and on the left was 10:10, what are the findings?

A

sensorineural deafness on the left

35
Q

weber’s test lateralizes to the right and rinne’s on the right was 10:20 (bone conduction:air conduction) and on the left was 2:4 (bone conduction:air conduction), what are the findings?

A

sensorineural deafness on left

36
Q

review picutres of otoscopic pictures

A 
normal
red reflex
foreign body in ear
acute otitis media
suppurative otitis media
tympanostomy tube
perforated tympanic membrane
37
Q

CN IX and X innervate what muscle?

A

stylopharyngeus

38
Q

stylopharyngeus

A

elevates the pharynx and larynx as well as aids in raising the soft palate

39
Q

CN X action

A

helps with active swallowing and articulation as a unilateral paralysis of CN X will be followed by tranient paresis of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx on the affected side along with absent gag reflexes and absens ocular cardiac reflex

40
Q

what happens with bilateral CN X paralysis

A

it is not compatible with life

41
Q

dysarthria

A

faulty articulation

42
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

43
Q

hypernasal

A

increased air entering the nasal pathway

44
Q

hyponasal

A

decreased air entering nasal pathway

45
Q

What are the tests for CN IX and X?

A

have the patient say AHH and watch for bilateral elevation of soft palate
say ku-lah-me
gag reflex

46
Q

gag reflex

A

touch the base of the tongue, the initiation of the gag reflex is sensory portion of cranial nerve IX and the motor function of CN X

47
Q

tests for CN XI

A

muscle strength of trap and SCM

48
Q

SCM actions

A

tilt head to the same side
turn chin to opposite side
flex head when contracted bilaterally

49
Q

trapezius actions

A

tilt head to same side
turn chin to opposite side
elevate shoulder when contracted bilaterally

50
Q

fibers of CN XII originate in what nucleus? where does it emerge?

A

hypoglossal nuclei

emerge from the bottom of the brainstem

51
Q

what are the tests for CN XII

A

have patient stick out the tongue

have patient do tongue in cheeck test

52
Q

a lesion involving the R CN XII will cause the tongue to what?

A

deviate to the left

53
Q

what do you look out for when the patient sticks out the tongue?

A

fasciculations

NMS (16 decks)

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