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Flashcards in CMB 1 Deck (21)
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1
Q

What is the definition of a cell?

A

Fundamental unit of all living things

- take nutrients and free energy from their surroundings and make copies of themselves

2
Q

What are the 3 major domains of the living world?

A
  • Bacteria (eubacteria)
  • Archae (archaebacteria)
  • Eucaryotes
3
Q

What is the role of ribosomes?

A

Site of protein synthesis

4
Q

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

Regulates release of calcium ions and processes toxins

5
Q

What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Aid protein synthesis due to presence of ribosomes on their surface

6
Q

What is the structure and role of the Golgi apparatus?

A

A series of complex vesicles and folded membranes that secrete and transport between cells

7
Q

What is the role of mitochondria in the cell?

A

Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production through Oxidative phosphorylation

8
Q

What is the significance of the cell nucleus?

A

Contains the cell’s genetic information, DNA and chromosomes

9
Q

What is the role of peroxisomes?

A

Break down long chain fatty acids through β oxidation

10
Q

Describe the structure of the cell membrane

A

Phospolipid bilayer
hydrophobic tails facing inwards
hydrophobic heads extracellularly placed

11
Q

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

A

OH group interacts with the polar lipid heads reducing fluidity provides strength and rigidity

12
Q

What is the role of Glycolipids?

A

Act as recognition sites involved in intracellular communication

13
Q

What are the different types of protein associated with the cell membrane?

A

Membrane Proteins
- dependent on the type of cell

Structural Proteins

  • attach cytoskeletal filaments to cell membrane
  • adhesion molecules attach to extracellular matrix

Transport Proteins
- Channel proteins, carrier proteins and pumps carry molecules
across the membrane

Receptors
- Chemical signalling between cells

14
Q

Why does the cell turnover rate differ?

A

Different cells divide and die at different rates so molecules are continuously replaced

e. g.
- Gastrointestinal lining - 5 days
- Red Blood Cells - 120 days
- Cerebral cortex - persons age

15
Q

How is DNA replicated?

A

Through semi conservative replication

16
Q

What are the main features of Centrioles?

A
  • Found in centrosome
  • Only visible during cell division
  • Formed from micro tubules
17
Q

What is the structure of a Centriole?

A

1 Centriole is made up of 9 sets of 13 micro tubules (117 in total)
occur in pairs arranged at right angles

18
Q

What are the main roles of Centrioles?

A
  • Organising micro tubular network

- Development of micro tubules in cilia

19
Q

What are micro tubules ?

A

Hollow fibres in all cells (except RBCs) made from ɒ and β tubulin
joined alternatively forming protofilament chains

20
Q

What is the role of micro tubules?

A
  • Intracellular transport
  • Form cytoskeleton
  • Form Centrioles and basal bodies “
21
Q

What is the percentage composition of a cell?

A

Water 70%
Inorganic ions 1%
Small organic molecules 3%
Macromolecules 26%