Clinically Relevant Anatomy of the Lower Urinary Tract Involving the Male Reproductive Tract Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Clinically Relevant Anatomy of the Lower Urinary Tract Involving the Male Reproductive Tract Deck (47)
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1
Q

The pelvic cavity can be split into which two segments?

A

True pelvis

False pelvis

2
Q

Why is the false pelvis “false”?

A

Contains abdominal viscera versus pelvic viscera

3
Q

Where is the division between the true and false pelvis found?

A

Pelvic brim at the pelvic inlet

(Uteric constriction can occur here)

4
Q

What separates the perineum from the pelvic cavity?

A

Muscles including the levator ani

5
Q

When the ureter reaches the ischial spines, which direction do they turn?

A

Medially

(towards posterior bladder)

6
Q

Within the abdominal cavity, the ureter is ________ and in the pelvic cavity it is _________

A

Within the abdominal cavity, the ureter is retroperitoneal and in the pelvic cavity it is subperitoneal

7
Q

Which two anatomical properties prevent reflux of urine up the ureters as the bladder contracts?

A
  1. Medial insertion of ureters into bladder
  2. Detrusor muscle cotracts uteric orifices
8
Q

What is the name given to the space ony found in males between the rectum and bladder?

A

Rectovesicle pouch

9
Q

What is the most dependent area in males when standing up?

A

Rectovesicle pouch

10
Q

What is the space found in females

a) Between the uterus and the bladder
b) Between the rectum and uterus

A

a) Vesicouterine pouch- Between the uterus and the bladder
b) Rectouterine pouch- Between the rectum and uterus

11
Q

What is the pouch of Douglas?

A

Rectouterine pouch

12
Q

What is the most dependent area in females when standing up?

A

Rectouterine pouch

13
Q

The ureter runs posterior to which artery in females?

A

Uterine artery

(“water under the bridge” water = ureter, bridge = uterine artery)

14
Q

At which level does the aorta bifurcate?

A

Level of umbilicus

15
Q

In males the ureter runs inferior to what?

A

Vas deferens

16
Q

Which arteries supply the bladder?

A

Vesical arteries

17
Q

From which arteries do the vesical arteries branch from?

A

Internal iliac arteries

18
Q

What is the term given to the part of the urethra which passes through the prostate?

A

Prostatic urethra

19
Q

What is the “trigon”?

A

A triangular shape on the internal aspect of the bladder created by 3 points:

The 2 ureteric orifices

The internal urethral orifice

20
Q

What use does the trigon have?

A

It is very smooth and funnels urine into the urethra

21
Q

Which muscle forms the main bulk of the bladder wall?

A

Detrusor muscle

22
Q

Why does semen not enter the bladder during ejaculation?

A

Contraction of the internal urethral sphincter

23
Q

In females, the uterus normally sits “anteflexed”. What does this mean?

A

Lies superiorly over the bladder

24
Q

Normally an empty bladder resides within the _____ pelvis

A

Normally an empty bladder resides within the true pelvis

25
Q

How is voluntary control over urination conferred?

A

External urethral sphincter

26
Q

What are the two route to catheterising patients?

A
  1. Urethral (more common)
  2. Suprapubic (through anterior abdominal wall and avoiding peritoneal cavity)
27
Q

How long is the urethra in

a) Females
b) Males

A

a) 4cm
b) 20cm

28
Q

How many sphincters associated with urination are found in

a) Males
b) Females

A

a) 2
b) 1

29
Q

The portion of the urethra that passes through the penis is called the spongy urethra, why is this?

A

It passes through the corpus spongiosum

30
Q

Where is sperm stored?

A

Epididymis

31
Q

Which two structures combine to form the prostatic urethra?

A
  1. Ejaculatory duct
  2. Urethra
32
Q

Where do the testes begin their development?

A

Posterior abdominal wall

33
Q

What can be found within the spermatic cord?

A
  1. Testicular, deferential artery and cremasteric arteries
  2. Nerve to cremaster and testicular nerves (sympathetic nerves)
  3. Vas deferens
  4. Pampiniform plexus
  5. Lymphatic vessels
  6. Tunica vaginalis
34
Q

What is the name of the sac that the testis sits within?

A

Tunica vaginalis

35
Q

What is the term used to describe excess fluid in the tunica vaginalis?

A

Hydrocele

36
Q

What is the name given to accessory tissue from the testes and epididymis?

A

Appendix teste

37
Q

Where do the gonadal (testicular/ovarian) arteries arise?

A

Aorta

38
Q

Which structures form the ejaculatory duct?

A

Vas deferens

Seminal vesicles

39
Q

Besides the ejaculatory ducts, which other ducts can be found in the prostatic urethra?

A

Many prostatic ducts

40
Q

Which region of the prostate gland is most likely to develop malignancy?

A

Peripheral zone

(Can be felt on PR exam)

41
Q

How many erectile tissue cylinders are found in the penis?

A

3

42
Q

What are the names of the erectile tissue cylinders in the penis?

A

Corpus cavernosum (x2 large)

Corpus spongiosum (x1 smaller)

43
Q

Which artery supplies the penis?

A

Deep artery of the penis

44
Q

Where does the deep artery of the penis arise?

A

Internal pudendal artery (arises from internal iliac)

45
Q

What is the arterial supply of the scrotum?

A

Scrotal branches from internal pudendal and external iliac artery

46
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the scrotum and penis?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

(found in superficial fascia of groin)

47
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the testes?

A

Lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta