Clinical Skills - Pharmacology and Prescribing Flashcards Preview

MBBS - Year 1 > Clinical Skills - Pharmacology and Prescribing > Flashcards

Flashcards in Clinical Skills - Pharmacology and Prescribing Deck (25)
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1
Q

Patient safety

A

Prevention of available harm, whether by an a error or an omission

2
Q

Never events

A

Existing national guidance or safety recommendations if followed would’ve prevented this event e.g. retained foreign body
Easily identified, defined and measured
Results in permanent harm or death

3
Q

Examples of never events

A

Surgical errors e.g. wrong site surgery
Placement of wrong implant
Administration of med by the wrong route
Mis-selection of solution e.g. strong K is lethal

4
Q

First check on WHO checklist

A

The team brief

Meeting w/ all staff and all cases discussed and problems highlighted

5
Q

Second check on WHO checklist

A

Pt checked on Ward by TSW
Details on name tag
Consent form checked
Pregnancy status recorded

6
Q

Third check on WHO checklist

A

Sign in

Time out

7
Q

Wtonmg site surgery

A

Wrong knee, hip, limb, organ, pt

Incl biopsy, radiological procedure and drain insertion

8
Q

What is excluded when classifying wrong site surgery

A

Excludes wrong site because of abnormal patient anatomy, documented in note

9
Q

Why do we mark digits

A

Naming digits helps avoid error

10
Q

Drug errors

A

IV administration of epidural med
Wrong route administration of oral/enteral treatment
Maladministration of insulin
Opioid overdose in an opioid naive patient
Inappropriate administration of oral Methotrexate

11
Q

Misplaced naso- or orogastric tubes

A
Measure pH of aspirate, not just litmus paper turning red as many factors influence acidity e.g. foods, drugs.
X-ray abdomen most accurate
Check before feeding
Medical administration
Flush
12
Q

Patient safety during COVID-19

A

Mortality of GA whilst COVID+ is v. high

Therefore postpone surgery if safe to do so

13
Q

Patient streams during COVID-19

A

Green (elective) – confirmed -ve COVID test
Yellow – no symptoms; test awaited
Red – confirmed test/ +ve symptoms awaiting test

14
Q

Non-pharmalogical pain management

A
Physical and occupational therapy 
Self-help
Wt loss
Surgery 
CBT
15
Q

Hydrotherapy

A

Relaxes muscles; can help to build strength in a warm, pain-relieving environment without pressure induced by gravity + weight-bearing

16
Q

Splints/ orthoses

A

Temporary rest and support; shouldn’t be used for long so as to avoid muscle wasting
Can prevent further damage whilst sleeping
Useful for people who are severely disabled but can’t have surgery
Often custom-made

17
Q

Aids and appliances

A

Provide dignity + independence for daily tasks, e.g. raised toilet seats

18
Q

Self-help

A

For patients with incurable chronic pain- aims to help patients manage the controllable aspects of their disease, esp the emotional aspect i.e. coming to terms with how their life has been affected

19
Q

Wt loss as pain management

A

Obesity often makes pain much worse as it causes more pressure on the joints and is a risk factor for many diseases

20
Q

Surgery as pain management

A

Provide pain relief and increase function
Depends on cause of pain
May include soft tissue release (e.g. in carpal tunnel syndrome), synovectomy, arthroplasty, arthrodesis, tendon repairs, etc

21
Q

CBT as pain management

A

Not successful or suitable for everyone with chronic pain
Helps treat the psychological aspects of pain
Believed to reduce stress, depression, and anxiety by challenging unhelpful/negative thoughts

22
Q

Types of errors causing harm to patients

A
Medication errors 
Surgical/ procedural errors 
Diagnstic errors 
Transition of care errors 
Teamwork/ communication errors 
Healthcare-associated infections 
Device-related errors
23
Q

Diagnostic errors

A

The failure to establish an accurate and timely explanation of the patient’s health problem(s) or communicate that explanation to the patient.”

24
Q

Dealing with transition of care issues

A

Use a checklist for handover such as I-PASS

Provides clear expectation for both the provider and recipient of patient information

25
Q

Key never events

A

Wrong site surgery
Wrong implant prosthesis
Retained foreign object post procedure
Administration of medication by wrong route
Overdose of methotrexate for non-cancer treatment

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