Clinical infections: Urinary Flashcards Preview

Clinical pathology > Clinical infections: Urinary > Flashcards

Flashcards in Clinical infections: Urinary Deck (23)
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1
Q

Pyelonephritis

A
  • Upper UTI
  • loin and abdomen pain or tenderness
  • Other evidence of systemic infection
2
Q

Prostatitis

A
  • Inflammation of prostate

- Can be acute bacterial or chronic

3
Q

Acute bacteria Prostatitis

A
  • Post procedure
  • Lower UTI symptoms - fever, tender prostate
  • Uropathogens = E.coli
4
Q

Chronic Prostatitis

A
  • Recurrent UTI’s with same organism

- Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin used

5
Q

Abscesses

A
Perinephric:
- Can cause renal stones
- Due to obstruction of infected kidney
- Caused by gram negative bacteria
Intrarenal:
- Haematogenous spread
- S.aureus
- Associated with acute pyelonephritis
6
Q

Cystitis treatment

A
  • Antibiotic therapy
  • Females - 3 days
  • Males - 7 days
7
Q

Pyelonephritis treatment

A
  • Empiric therapy

- 7-14 days use of Cefuroxime, Ciprofloxacin

8
Q

Cystitis

A
  • Lower UTI infection
  • Caused by E.coli + others
  • Symptoms include dysuria, frequency+urgency, supra-pubic pain
9
Q

Urinary tract flora

A
  • Urethra has perineal flora
  • Skin = negative staphylococci
  • Lower GIT = Enterobacteria
10
Q

Urethral syndrome (Abacterial cystitis)

A
  • symptoms of lower UTI without demonstrable infection
  • Caused by hormonal imbalances, inflammation of Skene glands
  • Hypersensitivity following UTI
11
Q

Asymptomatic bacteriuria

A
  • No symptoms of UTI bur cultured urine sample grows a single organism in significant numbers
  • Affects people with catheters, haemodialysis, diabetics, pregnant women
12
Q

Sterile pyuria

A
  • Pus cells in urine
  • No organisms grown
    Causes:
  • Inhibition of bacterial growth
  • Urinary tract inflammation
  • Urethritis
13
Q

Treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria

A
  • Antibiotic course
  • Only test specific groups
    Pregnant women
    Infants
    Prior to urological procedures
14
Q

Recurrent UTI

A
  • Re-infection - 3 episodes within 12 months is significant

- bacterial persistence

15
Q

Recurrent UTI treatment

A
  • Lifestyle modification - more intake of fluids, change contraception
  • Continuous prophylaxis with methenamine Hippurate
  • Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis
16
Q

Complicated UTI causes

A
  • Underlying abnormality - structural and functional
  • Presence of foreign body = catheter, renal calculi
  • Children under 12 and men under 65 often have complications
17
Q

Urostomy associated UTI’s

A
  • Bacteria can colonise catheters
  • Fever, ascending infection = upper UTI
    symptoms
  • Para-stomal skin infections
18
Q

What is a Urostomy

A
  • Ileal conduit/urostomy

- short section of ileum used to drain the ureters directly to a stoma on the anterior abdominal wall after cystectomy

19
Q

What is a Nephrostomy

A
  • Percutaneous straight into the kidney

- drains urine from the kidney if there is a blockage in the urinary system

20
Q

Nephrostomy associated UTI

A
  • Bacteria colonise nephrostomy tube
  • Fever, tenderness at site
  • Haematuria or purulent discharge
21
Q

Catheter associated UTI treatment

A
  • Catheter removal/change

- Pre-emptive catheter cover: gentamicin

22
Q

Catheter associated UTI

A
  • Indwelling catheterisation results in bacteriuria; Biofilm formation = colonisation
  • Manipulation or catheter removal may result in bacteraemia
23
Q

When can antibiotic prophylaxis be used for Catheter associated UTI

A
  • History of similar infection
  • Purulent urethral catheter exit site discharge
  • Exit site colonisation

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