Clinical Bacteriology Flashcards Preview

First Aid: Microbiology > Clinical Bacteriology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Clinical Bacteriology Deck (67)
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1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus causes….

A
  • Inflammatory disease
  • Toxin-mediated disease
  • MRSA infection
2
Q

How does Toxic Shock Syndrome (S. aureus) present?

A
  • Fever
  • Vomiting
  • Rash
  • Desquamation
  • Shock
  • End-organ failure
3
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis infects….

A

prosthetic devices & intravenous catheters

4
Q

___________ is the 2nd most common cause of uncomplicated UTI in young women.

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

5
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes….

A

MOPS

  • Meningitis
  • Otitis media (children)
  • Pneumonia
  • Sinusitis
6
Q

Viridan’s group streptococci causes…

A
  • dental caries (Streptococcus mutans)
  • subacute bacterial endocarditis (S. sanguinis)
7
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) causes….

A
  • Pyogenic
    • pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo
  • Toxigenic
    • scarlet fever, toxic shock-like syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis
  • Immunologic
    • rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis
8
Q

J(<3)NES criteria for rheumatic fever

A
  • Joints - polyarthritis
  • <3 - carditis
  • Nodules (subq)
  • Erythema marginatum
  • Sydenham chorea
9
Q

Scarlet fever triad

A
  • Scarlet rash w/ sandpaper-like texture
  • Strawberry tongue
  • Circumoral pallor
10
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) causes….

A

mainly in babies

  • pneumonia
  • meningitis
  • sepsis
11
Q

Enterococci (group D) causes…

A
  • UTI
  • biliary tract infections
  • subacute endocarditis
12
Q

Streptococcus bovis (group D) causes….

A
  • colonizes the gut
  • bacteremia & subacute endocarditis
  • colon cancer patients
13
Q

Symptoms of Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A
  • pseudomembranous pharyngitis (gray-white membrane)
  • lymphadenopathy
  • myocarditis
  • arrhythmias
14
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae pneumonic

A

ABCDEFG

  • ADP-ribosylation
  • Beta-prophage
  • Corynebacterium
  • Diphtheriae
  • Elongation Factor 2
  • Granules
15
Q

_________ causes spastic paralysis.

_________causes flaccid paralysis.

A

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium botulinum

16
Q

reheated rice syndrome

A

Bacillus cereus

17
Q

the only gram (+) organism to produce LPS

A

Listeria monocytogenes

18
Q

What kind of TB?

  • Ghon focus (mid-zone of lung)
  • Fibrocaseous cavity lesion (upper lobes)
A
  • Primary TB
  • Secondary TB
19
Q

What are the 4 classic symptoms of TB?

A
  • Fever
  • Night sweats
  • Weight loss
  • Hemoptysis
20
Q

What are the 2 forms of Hansen disease?

How do they differ?

A
  • Lepromatous
    • Leonine (lion-like) facies
    • Low cell-mediated immunity
    • Humoral Th2 response
  • Tuberculoid
    • Hypoesthetic, hairless skin plaques
    • High cell-mediated immunity
    • Th1 type immune response
21
Q

Haemophilus pneumonic

A

HaEMOPhilus

  • Epiglottitis
    • “cherry red” in children
  • Meningitis
  • Otitis media
  • Pneumonia
22
Q

How do you culture Legionella?

A

use silver stain –> grow on charcoal yeast extract culture w/ iron & cysteine

23
Q

Definitions

  • Legionnaire’s disease
  • Pontiac fever
A
  • Legionnaire’s disease
    • Severe pneumonia
    • Fever
    • GI & CNS symptoms
  • Pontiac fever
    • Mild flu-like syndrome
24
Q

Pseudomonas pneumonic

A

PSEUDOmonas

  • Pneumonia (CF)
  • Sepsis
  • External otitis
  • UTI
  • Drug use
  • Diabetic Osteomyelitis
25
Q

Ecthyma gangrenosum

A
  • rapidly progressive necrotic cutaneous lesions caused by Pseudomonas bacteremia
  • immunocompromised patients
26
Q

E. coli virulence factors

A
  • Fimbriae - cystitis & pyelonephritis
  • K capsule - pneumoni, neonatal meningitis
  • LPS endotoxin - septic shock
27
Q

EIEC

  • Toxin & Mechanism
  • Presentation
A
  • invades intestinal mucosa
  • necrosis & inflammation
  • invasive, dysentery
28
Q

ETEC

  • Toxin & Mechanism
  • Presentation
A
  • heat-labile & heat-stable enterotoxins
  • traveler’s diarrhea (watery)
29
Q

EPEC

  • Toxin & Mechanism
  • Presentation
A
  • adheres to apical surface
  • flattens villi, prevents absorption
  • diarrhea in children (Pediatrics)
30
Q

EHEC

  • Toxin & Mechanism
  • Presentation
A
  • O157:H7 is the most common serotype
  • Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
    • Anemia
    • Thrombocytopenia
    • Acute renal failure
  • dysentery, doesn’t ferment sorbitol
31
Q

The 4 A’s of Klebsiella

A
  • Aspiration pneumonia
  • Abscess in lungs & liver
  • Alcoholics
  • di-A-betics
32
Q

Typhoid fever

  • Cause
  • Characteristics
A

Salmonella typhi

  • rose spots on the abdomen
  • fever
  • headache
  • diarrhea
33
Q

major cause of bloody diarrhea in children

A

Campylobacter jejuni

34
Q

Leptospirosis

  • Cause
  • Characteristics
A

*Leptospira interrogans *

  • flu-like symptoms
  • jaundice
  • photophobia w/ conjunctival suffusion
    • erythema w/o exudate
35
Q

Weil disease

A
  • _icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis _
  • severe from w/ jaundice & azotemia from liver & kidney dysfunction
  • fever, hemorrhage & anemia
36
Q

Lyme disease pneumonic

A

FAKE a Key Lyme pie

  • Facial nerve palsy (bilateral)
  • Arthritis
  • Kardiac block
  • Erythema migrans
37
Q

primary syphilis

A

painless chancre

38
Q

secondary syphilis

A
  • secondary = systemic
  • constitutional symptoms
  • maculopapular rash (palms/soles)
  • condylomata lata
39
Q

tertiary syphilis

A
  • gummas (chronic granulomas)
  • aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction)
  • neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis)
  • Argyll Robertson pupil
40
Q

congenital syphilis

A
  • saber shins
  • saddle nose
  • CN VIII deafness
  • Hutchinson teeth
  • mulberry molars
41
Q

Argyll Robertson pupil

A

constricts w/ accommodation

not reactive to light

42
Q

Anaplasmosis

A

Anaplasma spp.

43
Q

Cat scratch disease

A

Bartonella spp.

44
Q

Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

45
Q

relapsing fever

A

Borrelia recurrentis

46
Q

Brucellosis/undulant fever

A

Brucella spp.

47
Q

bloody diarrhea

A

Campylobacter

48
Q

Psittacosis

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

49
Q

Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetii

50
Q

Ehrlichiosis

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

51
Q

Tularemia

A

Francisella tularensis

52
Q

Leptospirosis

A

Leptospira spp.

53
Q

Leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae

54
Q

cellulitis, osteomyelitis

A

Pasteurella multocida

55
Q

Epidemic typhus

A

Rickettsia proawazekii

56
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

57
Q

Endemic typhus

A

Rickettsia typhi

58
Q

Plague

A

Yersinia pestis

59
Q

fishy smell

clue cells

vaginosis

A

Garderella vaginalis

60
Q

Rash

  • Rocky Mountain spotted fever
  • Typhus
A
  • Rocky Mountain spotted fever
    • starts at wrists & ankles
    • spreads to trunk, palms, soles
  • Typhus
    • starts centrally & spreads out
    • spares palms & soles
61
Q
  • monocytes w/ morulae in cytoplasm
  • granulocytes w/ morulae in cytoplasm
A
  • Ehrliciosis
  • Anaplasmosis
62
Q

2 forms of Chlamydiae

A
  • Elementary body
    • “Enfectious”
    • Enters cell via Endocytosis
  • Reticulate body
    • Replicates in cell by fission
63
Q

frequent outbreaks in military recruits & prisons

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

64
Q

burn victims

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

65
Q

red “currant jelly” sputum

A

Klebsiella

66
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

A

flu-like syndrome after antibiotics are started

due to killed bacteria releasing pyogenes

67
Q

classic triad of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A
  • headache
  • fever
  • rash (vasculitis)