CLEP - More Vocab Flashcards Preview

Watch yo CLEP BABY > CLEP - More Vocab > Flashcards

Flashcards in CLEP - More Vocab Deck (40)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Control

A

Technique of differentiating between factors that may or may not influence the relationship between variables

2
Q

Observation

A

Technique that provides firsthand experience of real situations

3
Q

Agents of Socialization

A
  • family
  • school
  • peer groups
  • mass media
4
Q

Statuses

A

Position in a society or in a group

5
Q

Roles

A

Behavior of a person occupying a particular position

6
Q

Groups

A

A number of people interacting with one another in ways that form a pattern & who are united by the feeling of being bound together & by a “consciousness of kind”

7
Q

Institutions

A

Organized systems of social relationships that emerge in response to the basic problems or needs of every society

8
Q

Interaction processes

A

The ways role partners agree on goals, negotiate reaching them, & distribute resources

9
Q

Instrumental leader

A

Task-oriented leaders who organize the group in the pursuit of its goals

10
Q

Expressive leaders

A

Social-emotional leaders who achieve harmony & solidarity among group members by offering emotional support

11
Q

2 well-known criticisms of bureaucracy expressed in Parkinson’s Law

A
  1. Peter Principle

2. Iron Law of Oligarchy

12
Q

Social control

A

Series of measures that serve as a general guarantee of people conforming to norms

13
Q

Negative sanctions

A

Indicate that social control has failed & that deviance has occurred

14
Q

Major function of deviance

A

To reassure people that the system of social control is working effectively

15
Q

Deviance serves several functions

A
  • to unify the group

- as a safety valve

16
Q

Social control techniques

A
  • persuasion
  • teaching
  • force
17
Q

Social control techniques can be

A
  • planned
  • unplanned
  • informal (involving the approval or disapproval of significant others)
  • formal (involving those in positions responsible for enforcing norms)
18
Q

2 types of families

A
  • family of orientation

- family of procreation

19
Q

Economic order

A

Institutionalized organizational system of norms & behavioral patterns thru which goods & services are produced, distributed & consumed

20
Q

Economic life

A

Includes the work we do, what type of economic organization we belong to, why we do it. & the measure of success attained as shown by wealth, property, income, & occupation itself

21
Q

Traditionalism

A

Represents the type of economic motivation that sanctifies the past by preserving a certain practice bc it has always been that way

22
Q

Economic rationality

A

Represents the type of economic motivation that embraces change & development, such as in the method of production

23
Q

3 types of authority

A
  • traditional
  • rational-legal
  • charismatic
24
Q

Distribution systems

A
  • barter system

- free-market system

25
Q

Political order

A

Institutionalized system of organization & behavioral patterns thru which power is legitimately acquired & exercised

26
Q

Power elite

A

Consists of military leaders, politicians, & business leaders who are responsible to no one but themselves

27
Q

System of stratification

A

Refers to the institutions & ideas that permit or limit the distribution of prestige, status,& opportunities in life

28
Q

Sexist ideology

A

A belief system assuming that innate characteristics translate into one gender being superior to another

29
Q

Age stratification

A

The ways in which people are differently treated depending on their age

30
Q

Inequality

A

The unequal distribution of social rewards

31
Q

Crowd

A

Relatively large number of people in close proximity to one another, reacting at once to a common interest or focus

32
Q

Public

A

Represents those people in a population with a general interest in & opinion about an issue of concern to them

33
Q

Public opinion

A

Refers to the actual opinions people have about a given issue

34
Q

Propaganda

A

Refers to those attempts to affect & change what the public sees & how the public perceives an issue

35
Q

Social movement

A

Constituted by a set of beliefs, opinions, interests, & practices generally favoring institutional change of a particular or more general sort

36
Q

Social movement organization

A

Formal organizations that are specifically created for the purpose of channeling either dissatisfaction & discontent into change, or satisfaction & contentment into conservation of tradition

37
Q

Informal sanction

A

Direct social pressure from those around us to conform

38
Q

Organic solidarity

A

term Durkheim used to describe the bonds that unite members of industrialized nations

39
Q

Mechanical solidarity

A

Durkheim’s term for social bonds that are based on shared moral sentiments. Usually these types of bonds were found among people living in pre-industrial societies.

40
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

The mere presence of a researcher affects the subject’s behavior; Elton May identified