Class Notes 4-26 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Class Notes 4-26 Deck (34)
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1
Q

What is Mitosis ?

A

When a cell divides and produce clones of itself.

- 46 c will divide and make another 46 c

2
Q

X linked diseases will be more susceptible for diseases.

A

Males will be more susceptible to X chromosome linked diseases because the males have only one X. Females have two.
- colorblindness and hemophilia

3
Q

If Y chromosome is expressed,

The TDF gene will be expressed and __ will develop . What else

A

The tests will develop.

Mistakes can happen from this point on

4
Q

What are the functions of the Male reproduction tract

A
  1. Production
  2. Maintenance
  3. Distribution of male gonads
5
Q

Where is the specific site of spermatogenesis ?

A

Seminiferous tubules

6
Q

What is the function of the blood testes barrier ?

A
  • it doesn’t allow in everything from the blood

- it helps protect the developing sperm cells from being destroyed from the rest of the body

7
Q

The sustenatcular cells support cell division. How?

A

They help provide materials for fun stances to undergo mitosis or meiosis.

8
Q

One of the functions of sustenatcular cells is

  • secretion of inhibition and MIH
  • involved in the development of ___ - ___ and ___ ( 2 hormones )
  • feeds back to the ____
  • __ is only secreted during the development stage
A

Gonadotropins - LH and FSH

  • hypothalamus
  • MIH
9
Q

In the functions of sustenatcular cells, the secretion of androgen- binding proteins

  • concentrate ___ in this site
  • also plays a role in __
A

Androgens

Spermatogenesis

10
Q

During spermatogenesis, stem cells - spermatogenium (diploid) have the potential to divide to mitosis and produce more spermatogonium.
Some daughter cells will remain spermatogonium but others

A

Will differ to primary spermatocytes that will undergo meiosis

11
Q

Meiosis 1

A

Primary gonadocyte will divide into secondary gonadocytes

12
Q

Meiosis 2

A

Secondary gonadocyte divides to spermatid

13
Q

Spermiogenesis

A

When a spermatid matures into a functional sperm cell

14
Q

Region of the sperm cell - head

A

Holds the nucleus

15
Q

Region of the sperm cell - acrosome

A
  • enzyme filled vessicle
  • extremely important to the reproductive system
  • gets through the oocyte to combine with the egg for fertilization
16
Q

Region of the sperm cell - mid piece

A

Lots and lots of mitochondria are housed here

17
Q

Region of the sperm cell - tail

A

The flagellum

18
Q

Region of the sperm cell - where are they produced

A

Testes - epididymis

19
Q

Region of the sperm cell - Epididymus

A

Monitor and adjust composition of tubular fluids
- removing waste products
- releasing nutrients so the sperm cells will survive
- they have not matured yet
Recycling center for damaged gametes
- abnormal or damaged or old sperm cells will be removed or reabsorbed
The Nursery
Stores gametes
Facilitate, maturation, of gametes

20
Q

What carries the sperm from the epididymis towards the urethra

A

Ductus deferens

21
Q

The accessory gland secretion released into tubular fluid

A

Ejaculatory duct

22
Q

Urethra

A
  1. Shared passage way for the Urinary and Reproductive Tract
  2. 3 regions
    - prostatic region - passes through the prostate gland
    - Membranous - associated with the pelvic floor
    - Spongy ( penile ) - urethra
23
Q

The three regions of the Urethra

A
  1. Prostatic region - passes through the prostate gland
  2. Membranous - associated with the pelvic gland
  3. Spongy ( penile ) - urethra
24
Q

The male copulatory organ

A

Penis

25
Q

The erectile tissue is composed of 2 things

A
  1. Corpora Cavernosa
    - a pair of them- blood vessels show up here
  2. Corpus spongisum
    - urethra goes through here - the single one
26
Q

What is meiosis

A
  • cell division, a single cell that will divide and produce 4
  • These are the sex cells - will produce a tiny human
  • ## 46 c will divide into haploid cells that have 23 c
27
Q

What are the three accessory organs?

A
  1. Seminal vesicles
  2. Prostate gland
  3. Bulbourethral gland
28
Q

Prostate gland secretes 3 things

A
  1. Fructose
  2. Prostoglands
  3. Fibrogen
29
Q

Fructose

  • provides __ to the ___
  • is a ___
  • change in the __, open to ___- ___
A

Provides nutrients to the testes
Is a sugar
Change in the pH , open to the exterior - microorganism

30
Q

Prostoglandins

  • ____ ___ contractions
  • important for movement through the ___ and the uterus
A

Smooth muscle contractions

- movement through the spongy urethra

31
Q

Fibrinogen

A
  • blood clotting

- helps keep material ( sperm cells) clustered together so they will move together

32
Q

Prostate gland secretes what ?

A

Seminalplasmin

33
Q

What is seminalplasmin ?

A

Helps protect the males from UTI’s

34
Q

Bulbourethral gland secretes

A

Mucus for lubrication