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Ultrasound OBGYN > Class 5 > Flashcards

Class 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the indications for an Ultrasound Examination of the female pelvic area?

A
  • UTERINE ENLARGEMENT
  • PELVIC PAIN
  • IRREGULAR OR POST MENOPAUSAL BLEEDING
  • PALPABLE PELVIC MASS
  • AMENORRHEA OR DYSMENORRHEA
  • INFERTILITY
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2
Q

What is a Nabothian Cyst?

A

A cyst found on the cervix

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3
Q

Benign Condition of the Cervix: What causes a Nabothian Cyst?

A

Forms in response to inflammation of endocervical gland

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4
Q

True or False: Nabothian Cysts are common

A

True

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5
Q

How big is a Nabothian Cyst?

A

3mm to 3cm

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6
Q

What is the Ultrasound Appearance of a Nabothian Cyst?

A

Anechoic with enhanced sound transmission in cervix

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7
Q

True or False: Cervical Polyps are NOT common in Multigravidas

A

False

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8
Q

True or False: Cervical Polyps are common in patients in their 40’s and 50’s

A

True

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9
Q

True or False: Cervical Polyps are Asymptomatic

A

True

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10
Q

True or False: Cervical Polyps are a rare condition

A

False: Cervical Polyps are the most common benign cervical neoplasm

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11
Q

Ultrasound Appearance of Cervical Polyps

A

Small echogenic areas in cervix

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12
Q

What is the percentage of the time that Cervical Myomas (fibroids) occur?

A

3% to 8%

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13
Q

True or false: Cervical Myoma (fibroid) may be asymptomatic

A

True

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14
Q

Cervical Myoma (fibroid) may cause?

A

dyspareunia, dysuria, cervical obstruction, prolapse, bleeding, obstructed labor

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15
Q

Treatment for Cervical Myoma (fibroid) may include?

A

Resection or hysterectomy if warranted

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16
Q

Ultrasound Appearance of Cervical Myoma

A

Cervix may appear bulk or distorted

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17
Q

Endometrial Polyps are most common in patients aging?

A

40-49 years old

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18
Q

True or False: The Etiology of Endometrial Polyps is known

A

False: the Eitology is unknown

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19
Q

Where are endometrial Polyps often found?

A

The Cornual region of the fundus

20
Q

True or False: Endometrial Polyps may be asymptomatic or Cause Bleeding

A

True

21
Q

Ultrasound Appearance of Endometrial Polyps

A

May appear on US as hyperechoic areas within endometrium

22
Q

What is Tamoxifen?

A

A non-steroidal anti-estrogen drug

23
Q

Who is given Tamoxifen?

A

Patients with Breastcancer

24
Q

Tamoxifen is associated with changes in where?

A

Endometrium

25
Q

True or False: Tamoxifen has no side-effects

A

False: Tamoxifen may lead to development of polyps, endometrial cancer, myoma growth

26
Q

What is Adenomyosis?

A

Endometrial glands and stroma grow into the myometrium

27
Q

Adenomyosis is more common in who and when?

A

Women over the age of 50 years old

28
Q

How is Adenomyosis diagnosed?

A

Surgically or with MRI

29
Q

In over 50% of cases Adenomyosis is associated with?

A

Leiomyoma

30
Q

US appearance of Adenomyosis

A

Enlarged Uterus of normal or decreased echogenicity

31
Q

What are Leiomyomas and what are other names for them?

A

AKA: leiomyomata, fibroid, myoma, fibromyoma
Def: Benign muscle tumors

32
Q

Where are Leiomyomas commonly found?

A

Most common tumor of female pelvis

33
Q

Leiomyomas consist of?

A

Consist of lobulations of myometrial tissue which can distort the uterine contour and endometrial stripe

34
Q

Leiomyomas are found in _____% of women greater than ____ years old

a. 20:20
b. 35:20
c. 20:35
d. 35:35

A

C. 20% : 35 years old

35
Q

Leiomyomas are found more in which population?

A

Afro-American Population

36
Q

Leiomyomas range from ___mm to ___cm in size?

a. 1: 25
b. 20:20
c. 1:20
d. hecka:hella

A

C. 1mm : 20cm

37
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Leiomyomas?

A 
Pelvic pain
Menorrhagia
Asymptomatic 
Bladder or rectum pressure
Infertility
Spontaneous abortion
38
Q

How are Myoma classified?

A 
CLASSIFIED IN RELATION TO POSITION TO UTERINE WALL
INTRAMURAL (INTERSTITIAL)
SUBSEROSAL
SUBMUCOSAL
PEDUNCULATED
39
Q

True or False: During Pregnancy fibroids may grow due to increase in progesterone

A

False: DURING PREGNANCY FIBROIDS MAY GROW DUE TO INCREASE IN ESTROGEN

40
Q

True or False: After menopause, fibroids tend to shrink due to decreased levels of estrogen

A

True

41
Q

What are some degenerative changes of Fibroids?

A

Cystic degeneration, calcification, and Hyaline degeneration

42
Q

True or False: Fibroids have subtle changes in echogenicity of myometrium

A

True

43
Q

True or False: Fibroids have ill-defined masses

A

False: they have well defined masses

44
Q

True or False: Fibroids have whorled appearances that are hypoechoic to anechoic

A

True

45
Q 
Which of the following are not a sonographic appearance of Fibroids?
A. Echogenic areas with distal shadowing
B. Uterine lobulation
C. Endometrial distortion
D. Ill-defined masses
E. Uterine enlargement
A

D. Fibroids do not have ill defined masses

46
Q

Pendunculated Fibroids may extend in which positions?

A

Anteriorly, Posteriorly, or Laterally

47
Q

What are some of the Differential Diagnoses of Penduculated Fibroids?

A
  • Bicornuate uterus
  • Blind uterine horn
  • Ovarian mass
  • Hydatiform mole
  • Ectopic pregnancy

Ultrasound OBGYN (9 decks)

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