What is angina and give 5 important signs & symptoms.
More than 1 heart attack.
- denial of symptoms
- pain in arms neck, arm and back
- pressure in chest or shoulder
- trouble breathing
- fatigue
What are the 4 steps for any emergency?
- Figure it out. - What happened? Are you ok? Has it happened before? Medical history? Medication? Are you here with anyone?
- Treat it
- SHOCK
- Secondary. - Vitals, head-to-toe, history
How do you treat Angina?
- Call 911
2. Loosen tight clothing around chest and neck.
What is a stroke and what are 4 signs and symptoms.
When brain does not receive enough blood or oxygen.
- weakness and numbness, in legs and arms
- trouble speaking/understanding
- double or loss of vision
- loss of consciousness
What does FAST stand for?
Face
Arm
Speech
Time
What is the treatment for a stroke?
- Phone EMS
- SHOCK
- Open airway
- Semi-Prone
What is hyperventilation and give 3 signs and symptoms.
Rapid breathing that can lead to unconsciousness.
- high rate of respiration
- dizziness, weakness, headache
- tingling around mouth, hands, & feet
What is asthma and give 3 signs and symptoms.
Breathing disorder.
- difficulty breathing
- anxiety
- wheezing
What is the treatment for hyperventilation.
- reassure and calm victim
- call EMS (only if they go unconscious)
- treat for SHOCK
What is the treatment for asthma?
- get victim in comfortable position
- ask if they have meds, help them take it
- loosen clothing around neck or chest
- if attack continues get to the hospital
- pursed lip breathing
What is a heart attack and give 5 signs and symptoms.
A heart attack happens when a blood vessel gets blocked.
- denial of symptoms
- pain in neck, arms, back, and jaw.
- pain/pressure in chest
- fatigue
- weak/rapid pluse
What is the difference between signs and symptoms?
Signs
- you can see
Symptoms
- you can feel
What pain difference will men and women feel when they have a heart attack?
Women
- bad back pain
Men
- left arm and jaw
What is the semi-prone position good for?
Draining vomit
Head to toe
How do you do infant CPR? (6 things)
- 2 puffs
- 2 fingers (middle and ring)
- 1/3 of chest
- ask for permission
- call 911 after 5 minutes
- 30 compressions
How do you do child CPR? (6 things)
- 2 breaths
- 1 handed compressions
- 30 compressions
- 1/3 of chest
- ask for permission
- 911 after 5 min
How do you do adult CPR? (5 things)
- 30 compressions
- 2 hands
- 2 breaths
- call 911 RIGHT AWAY
- 1/3 of chest (2 inches)
What do you do first if you pull a victim from the water?
BREATHES FIRST
What 2 things are the same as enteral bleeding?
Puncture Wounds
Embedded Objects
What are the 3 Ps?
Preserve Life
Prevent further injury
Promote recovery
What does ABCD stand for?
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Deadly Bleed
What do you always treat for?
SHOCK
No matter what!!!!
What is shock?
When there is not enough blood circulating to body’s vital organs.
What are the 4 causes of shock?
- Spinal cord or nervous injuries
- Weak heart, heart attack
- Loss of blood and bodily fluids could be due to external bleeding, severe burns, and dehydration.
- Expansion of blood vessels could be from poisoning or severe allergic reaction
Depend on the injury the shock can be ______ or ______.
Mild
Severe
Give 5 Signs and Symptoms of SHOCK.
- shallow, rapid breathing
- weak, rapid pulse
- cool, clammy, pale skin
- weakness
- vomiting
How do you treat for shock? (WARTS)
Warmth - maintain body tempurature
ABC’s - loosen tight clothing, monitor vitals
Rest & Reassurance - talk calmly with confidence
Treat - treat the cause of the SHOCK
Sitting & Secondary - history, head to toe, semi-prone, semi-sit
What kind of wounds bleed more and where?
Head
Water
What is an Abrasion? (4)
Scrapped skin
Can be wide or narrow
Bleeding is slight
Ex. Falling of bike and scraping knee
What is a contusion? (6)
Bruises caused by blunt force Discolouration May indicate deeper injury Got bump Hurts when poked Ex. Fall down the stairs
What is an incision? (3)
Clean edged cut
Made by broken glass or knife
Smooth cut
What is a Laceration? (5)
Deep tearing cut Jagged edges From animal or human bite Bleeding can be considerable Not clean like incision
What 2 wound go hand and hand?
Embedded Objests
Puncture Wounds
What is a Puncture? (3)
Stab wound caused by sharp object
Object penetrating in the skin
May not bleed if object acts as plug
What is an embedded object? (2)
When objects remain in wound
Glass, gravel, splinter
What is an amputation?
When a body part is torn off or completely off the body.
What are the 2 types of external bleeding?
Venous - bleeding from veins - relatively easy to stop - blood is dark red and oozes steadily Arterial - bleeding from arteries - blood is bright red and squirts - hard to control
What is internal bleeding? (6)
- caused by impact that doesn’t break skin
- abdominal area normally
- injury may appear slight
- require immediate medical attention
- first aiders can’t treat
- vital organs are injured
What is Avulsion? (2)
Flap of skin
Can be peeled and put back in place
NEVER PULL OUT AN ______.
Embedded Object
What are the 5 basic wounds?
Avulsion Abrasion Contusion Incision Laceration
What are 4 signs and symptoms of a basic wound.
Pain
Skin layer broken (by bite, scrape)
Distress
External bleeding
What does RAD stand for?
Rest
And
Direct pressure
What are the seven steps to treat a basic wound.
Clean affected area Apply clean dressing Monitor for infection Control bleeding Rest Direct pressure Check circulation
When do you consult a DR. about a basic wound? (4)
Deep and gaping which may require stitches
Infection develops
Wound is from an animal
Object is embedded
What are the signs and symptoms of an embedded object? (4)
Bleeding
Pain
Swelling
SHOCK
How do you treat an embedded object? (6 steps)
Leave object in place Control bleeding Stabilize object Bandage wound Consult DR Remove superficial objects (splinters)
What are the signs and symptoms of an amputation? (3)
Jagged edges, soft tissue and bone
Exposed and obviously missing body parts
Small bleeding
How do you treat an amputation? (4 steps)
Call 911 RAD Moist sterile gauze Immobilized Grab part and wrap up Keep part wet
What do you do if wound bleeds through bandage?
Apply more bandage.
DO NOT REMOVE
Stoma: What is it and how do you do CPR if someone has one?
If you smoke a lot tube is there.
Breath into the STOMA
What do you do if you can’t access the mouth to do CPR?
Do it through the noes.
What are # of signs and symptoms of chocking?
?
How do treat an infant who is choking? (#)
?
How do you treat a adult who is choking? (#)
?