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Physical Diagnosis > Chest and Lung > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chest and Lung Deck (42)
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1
Q

orthopnea

A

shortness of breath begins or increases when lying down

2
Q

paraoxysmal

A

sudden onset of shortness of breath after period of sleep

3
Q

platypnea

A

dyspnea increases in upright position

4
Q

Pigeon chest (pectus carinatum)

A

sternal protrusion

5
Q

funnel chest (pectus excavatum)

A

indentation of lower sternum above xiphoid process

6
Q

atelectasis

A

complete or partial collapse of lung; would result in diminished breath sounds

7
Q

hyperventilation

A

breathing fast (tachypnea) and deep

8
Q

kussmaul breathing

A

rapid, deep, labored

• Associated with metabolic acidosis

9
Q

hypopnea

A

abnormally shallow respirations

10
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

A

periodic breathing: varying periods of increasing depth with interspersed periods of apnea

11
Q

biot

A

irregularity interspersed periods of apnea in a disorganized sequence of breaths

12
Q

ataxic

A

significant disorganization with irregular and varying depths of respiration

13
Q

stridor

A

breathing that occurs with obstruction high in chest; lower pitch than wheeze (during inspection - not with stethoscope)

14
Q

paradoxic breathing

A

lower thorax drawn in on inspiration and out on expiration

• Develops with weakened diaphragm, obstructive airway disease, or during sleep in event of upper airway obstruction

15
Q

unilateral retraction

A

foreign body in bronchus

16
Q

retraction of lower chest

A

occurs with asthma and bronchitis

17
Q

diseases clubbing is associated with

A

emphysema, lung cancer, cyanosis of congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis

18
Q

crepitus

A

crackly ort crinkly sensation that can be felt and heard
o Indicated air in subcutaneous tissue from rupture somewhere in respiratory system or by infection with gas-producing organisms
- can indicate cracked rib (when palpated)

19
Q

tactile fremitus

A

vibration of chest wall resulting from speech or other verbalizations (felt with palpatation)

increase: fluids or solid mass
decrease: more air; pleural effusion or bronchial obstruction

20
Q

pleural effusion

A

fluid in lungs; dullness to chest percussion

21
Q

hints for mediastinal mass

A

trachea compressed, sounds or stridor, difficulty breathing, lean forward to relieve compression

22
Q

resonance

A

normal sounds that can be heard over all areas of lung

23
Q

Hyperresonance

A

associated with hyperinflation (may indicate emphysema, pneumothoracx, or asthma) - trapped air!

24
Q

dullness or flatness with resonance

A

suggests pneumonia, atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, asthma - liquid; diminished air exchange!

25
Q

part of stethoscope for listening to lungs

A

diaphragm

26
Q

three classifications of breath sounds

A

o Vesicular: low pitched, low-intensity sounds heard over healthy tissue
o Bronchovesicular: heard over major bronchi and typically moderate in pitch and intensity
• Abnormal if heard over peripheral lung tissue
o Bronchial (tubular): highest in pitch and intensity; typically only heard over trachea
• Abnormal if heard over peripheral lung tissue

27
Q

amphoric breathing

A

resembles noise made by blowing across mouth of bottle

• Heard with large, relatively stiff-walled pulmonary cavity or a tension pheumothorax with bronchopleural fistula

28
Q

cavernous breathing

A

sounds like coming from a cavern; heard over pulmonary cavity with rigid wall

29
Q

crackles

A

discontinuous; typically during inspiration; caused by disruptive passage of air through small airways

30
Q

rhonchi

A

loud, low coarse sounds like a snore; most often heard continuously during inspiration and expiration; most pronounced during

31
Q

wheezes

A

musical noise sounding like a squeak; most often heard continuously during inspiration and expiration; usually louder during expiration; continuous

32
Q

pleural friction rub

A

dry, rubbing or grating sound caused by inflammation of pleural surfaces; heard during inspiration or expiration; loudest over lower, lateral, anterior surface

33
Q

mediastinal crunch (Hamman sign)

A

found with mediastinal emphysema
• Variety of sounds: loud crackles, clicking, gurgling (heard over precordium)
• Sounds are synchronous with heartbeat

34
Q

sibilant

A

high pitched

35
Q

sonorous

A

low-pitched

36
Q

bronchophony

A

say “99” over all fields

  • greater clarity and increased loudness of spoken sounds
    o If bronchophony is extreme, even whisper may be heard clearly with stethoscope
37
Q

egophony

A

say “eeee”

increased loudness and greater nasal quality of sound
o Resulting form any type of lung tissue consolidation

38
Q

symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis

A

night sweats

39
Q

grunting in children

A

sound of respiratory distress

40
Q

kyphosis

A

extreme flexion of thoracic vertebrae

41
Q

giubbus

A

extreme kyphosis

42
Q

pectoriloquy

A

when a whisper can be heard clearly (bronchophony)