Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Diff Dx > Chest 2 > Flashcards

Chest 2 Flashcards

1
Q

consolidation

A

any pathologic process taht fills the alveoli with fluid, pus, blood cells (including tumor cells) or other substances resulting in lobar, diffuse or multifocal ill-defined opacities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

interstitial

A

involvement of the supporting tissue of the lung parenchyma resulting in fine or coarse reticular opacities or small nodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

nodule or mass

A

any space occpuying lesion either solitary or multple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of part of the lung due to a decrease in the amount of air in the alveoli resulting in volume loss and increased density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

most common cause of consolidation

A

pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

key findings on the xray for consolidation are

A

ill-defined homogeneous opacity obscuring vessels
solhouette sign
air bronchogram sign
extension to pleura or fissure, but not crossing it
no volume loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what can cause consolidation?

A

water
pus
blood
cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

interstitial tissue

A

network of CT that invests the arteries, veins, bronchi and lymphatics
skeleton of the lung, providing mechanical support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4 types of interstitial lung patterns

A

linear
reticular
nodular
reticulonodular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

linear

A

septal lines (Kerley lines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

reticular

A

mesh like appearance, lines in all directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

nodular

A

discrete opacities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

reticulonodular

A

combination of reticular and nodular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

atelectasis

A

volume, collapse, under inflation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

resorptive atelectasis

A

obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

passive atelectasis

A

adjacent mass or pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

adhesive atelectasis

A

surfactant inactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cicatrization atelectasis

A

scar tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what might you see on a film with atelectasis

A

increased density
bronchovascular crowding
displacement sings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

solitary pulmonary noduel

A

single intraparenchyma lesion less than 3cm in size and not associated with atelectasis or lymphadenopathy

21
Q

a lesion greater than 3cm in diameter is called?

A

mass

22
Q

most SPNs are found to be?

A

granulomas
lung cancers
hamartomas

23
Q

granuloma

A

small area of inflammation in tissue

most often resulting from an infection

24
Q

what are the different disease that can cause a granuloma?

A

TB
histoplasmosis
coccidiodomycosis
sarcoidosis (non-infectious)

25
Q

what is the most common cause of pneumonia?

A

streptococcus pneumoniae (bacteria MC)

26
Q

s/s of pneumonia

A 
cough
dyspnea
fever
chills
chest pain
sputum
decreased breath sounds
rales
increased fremitus, egophony, pectoriloquy, dullness to percussion
27
Q

pneumonia caused by streptococcus pneumonia is associated with?

A

rusty colored sputum

28
Q

pneumonia caused by____may have a currant jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella

29
Q

hemoptysis can also occur with

A

TB
gram negative pneumonia
lung abscess
acute bronchiits

30
Q

s/s of bacterial pneumonai

A 
sudden onset
chills
fever
pain with breahing
cough
dyspnea
sputum production
dry cough becomes productuive purulent, blood streaked or rust sputum
leukocytosis with a shift to the left
31
Q

s/s of viral pneumonia

A 
bronchitis
bronchiolitis
pneumonia
interstitial pneumonia
leukopenia/leukocytosis
lymphocytosis
32
Q

MC symptoms of TB

A 
fatigue
fever
weight loss
coughing
hemoptysis
night sweats
33
Q

diagnosis of TB

A

skin tests
chest xrays
sputum analysis
PCR tests

34
Q

primary TB is usually?

A

asymptomatic

35
Q

what iss seen in a chest xray of someone with TB

A

ranke complex
ghon lesion
ipsilateral calcified hilar node

36
Q

common presenting symptoms of tumor

A

dyspnea
persistent cough
hemoptysis

37
Q

non-small cell lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma)

A

strongly associated with smoking

poor prognosis

38
Q

non-small cell lung cancer (adenocarcinoma)

A

more common in women
more common in non-smokers
peripheral

39
Q

small cell carcinoma

A 
strongly associated with smoking
metastasizes early
most common primary lung malignancy to cause paraneoplastic syndromes and SVC obstruction
worst prognosis
AKA oat cell carcinoma
40
Q

increased density in the apex of the lung

A

pancoast tumor

41
Q

COPD

A

represents a spectrum of obstructive airway diseases

includes two key components which are chronic bronchitis- small ariways disease and emphysema

42
Q

blue bloaters

A

chonic bronchitis

43
Q

pink puffers

A

emphysema

44
Q

pneumothorax

A

presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity

45
Q

how can you get pneumothorax

A 
spontaneous
underlying lung disease
trauama
tension pneumothorax
catamenial pneumothorax
pleuritic chest pain and dyspnea
46
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

caused by trauma to the lungs and/or chest cavity

most serious type because it may affect the heart’s ability to pump blood

47
Q

catamenial pneumothorax

A

caused by small holes in the diaphragm muscle

occurs within 72 hours of start or end of menstrual cyctle and most often associated with endometriosis

48
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

miosis
facial anhidrosis
ptosis
enophthalmos

49
Q

ddx of anterior mediastinal masses

A

lymphoma
thyroid enlargement
teratoma
tumors of thymus

Diff Dx (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions