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BMAT > Chem > Flashcards

Chem Flashcards

1
Q

Reactivity down Gps 1 and 2

A

Increases

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2
Q

Reactivity down Gps 6 and 7

A

Decreases

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3
Q

Colour when Li is burnt

A

Crimson red

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4
Q

Colour when Na is burnt

A

Yellow -orange

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5
Q

Colour when K is ignited

A

Self ignited to burn w/ a lilac flame

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6
Q

Buckminster fullerene

A

C 60

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7
Q

Ionic eqn for acid + alkali

A

H+ + OH- —> H2O

Exothermic

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8
Q

Ionic eqn for acid and carbonate

A

2H+ + CO3^2- —-> H2O + CO2

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9
Q

Ionic eqn acid and ammonia

A

H+ + NH3 —> NH4+

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10
Q

Physical properties of alkali metals

A

Low mp and bp - decrease down group (weaker metallic bonding)
Low densities - increase down gp
Soft and become softer down gp
Good conductors of heat and electricity

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11
Q

Chemical properties of alkali metals

A

V reactive - stored in oil to prevent reactions
When exposed to air - react w/ O2 and tarnish
Reactivity increases down group

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12
Q

Li, Na, K reactions w/ water

A

Float, moving and fizzing
Produces H2 (squeaky pop)
K - H2 spontaneously ignites and burns lilac
Soluble hydroxide forms

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13
Q

Properties of halogens

A

Coloured vapours
Low mp and bp, increase down group
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Reactivity decreases (displacement)

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14
Q

Halogens at RTP

A

F - pale yellow gas
Cl - Yellow-green gas
Br - Red/brown volatile liquid w/ orange vapour
I - Grey shiny solid, purple vapour when heated

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15
Q

Properties of noble gases

A

Colourless gases at RTP
V. low mp and bp - increase down the group
Density increases down group

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16
Q

Metals and acid

A

Salt and H2

Only reacts if metal is more reactive than H2

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17
Q

SO2 (g) + H2O

A

H2SO3 (aq)

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18
Q

2NO2 (g) + H2O

A

HNO3 + HNO2

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19
Q

Separating funnel

A

Sepeartes two immiscible liquids by density

20
Q

Simple distillation

A

Separates substances by bp, usually solvent from a solution, leaving solute

21
Q

Fractional distillation

A

Separates miscible liquids from a mixture

Similar setup to simple distillation but has fractionating column w/ glass beads

22
Q

Evaporation and Crystallisation

A

Separates solvents from solute using diff in bp and/or volatility but target is solute
Heated gently til crystals begin to form (crystallising point)

23
Q

Why isn’t it recommended to heat to dryness

A

Some solids may decompose if heated too strongly

24
Q

Centrifugation

A

Separates heterogenous mixtures based on diff in particle mass
Encourages settling by spinning at high speed, heaviest settle first
Supernatant decanted into new tube and spun again

25
Q

Separating gas-gas mixtures

A

Centrifugation or cryogenic distillation

26
Q

Why is dc used in electrolysis

A

So current passes in one direction only

27
Q

Cathode

A

Electrons flow from external circuit and enter via this
-ve electrode
Cations are attracted and reduced (metal if LESS reactive than H2)

28
Q

Anode

A

e- leave cell via this
+ve electrode
Anions attracted ad oxidised (non-metal)
If complex ion e.g. SO4 ^2-, NO3^- O2 is formed from OH-

29
Q

Reactivity series

A 
Potassium 
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium 
CARBON
Zinc
Iron
HYDRROGEN
Copper
Silver
Gold
30
Q

Electroplating

A

-ve electrode: object to be plated
+ve electrode: coating metal
Electrolyte - sol of coating metal e.g. metal sulphate or nitrate
Conc of metal ions in electrolyte remains unchanged

31
Q

Purifying copper

A

Impure copper - anode
Pure copper - cathode
Copper (II) sulfate solution - electrolyte

32
Q

Small molecules in crude oil

A

Low bp
V volatile
Flow easily
Ignite easily

33
Q

Large molecules in crude oil

A

High bp
Not volatile
V. viscous
Doesn’t ignite easily

34
Q

Biodegradable polymers

A

Break doen after intended use to produce natural products e.g. CO2, N2, H2O
Usually done by microorganisms or enzymes
Often contain ester or amide linkages

35
Q

Extracting metals

A

If less reactive than carbon then carbon can be used (or CO)

If more reactive electrolysis is used, split w/ electricity and metal attracted to cathode

36
Q

Extracting copper

A

Phytomining (plants)

Bioleaching (bacteria)

37
Q

Al

A

Lightweight
Soft and malleable
Corrosion resistant and non-toxic
Uses in aeroplanes (strong and low density), conductor cables, foil, utensils

38
Q

Ag

A

Best thermal ane electrical conductor
Antimicrobial and non-toxic: useful in med
Silver nanoparticles inhibit odour in socks

39
Q

Ti

A

Strong as steel but less dense
Important alloying agent
Can withstand extremes of temp - aircraft, spacecraft and missilies

40
Q

Testing for Cl2 gas

A

Damp blue litmus turns red and then is bleached

41
Q

Anion tests

A

Carbonates - dilute acids
Sulphates - BaCl2 in the presence of dilute HCl
Halides - AgNO3 (aq)

42
Q

Cation tests (0.1 moldm-3) using NaOH

A

Al^3+, Ca^2+, Mg^2+ - white pp
Cu^2+ - blue ppt
Fe^2+ - green ppt
Fe^3+ - brown ppt

43
Q

Flame test

A 
Li - crimson red
Na - yellow orange 
K - lilac
Ca - red orange 
Cu - green
44
Q

Testing for water w/ anhydrous copper (II) sulphate

A

White –> blue

CuSO4 (s) + 5 H2O —> CuSO4.5H2O

45
Q

Testing for O2

A

Blow out burning split, if oxygen present splint relights

46
Q

SO2

A

Poisonous, odourless, acidic gas w/ choking smell
Combine w. water –> H2SO4 (aid rain)
Erodes stonework, increases metal corrosion increases leaching

47
Q

Oxides of nitrogen

A

React w. water and oxygen in rain —> HNO3 (acid rain)

Toxic gases and can trigger asthma attacks

BMAT (3 decks)

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