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CAPTAINS EXAM 2021 > CHAPTERS 1 & 2 + Random > Flashcards

CHAPTERS 1 & 2 + Random Flashcards

1
Q

Serves as the basis for SAFE and EFFICIENT incident scene management

A

ICS

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2
Q

Presidential Directive __ requires the use of National Incident Management System (NIMS).

A

5

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3
Q

ICS is a componenent of ____

A

NIMS

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4
Q

Common characteristics of NIMS-ICS

A
  • Common terminology for functional structure
  • Common communications
  • Modular organization
  • Unified command structure
  • Incident Action Plan (IAP)
  • Manageable span of control
  • Comprehensive resource management
  • Personnel accountability
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5
Q

Common terminology for functional elements, position titles, facilities, and resources is essential for any command system, especially one that will be used by units from ______ agencies

A

multiple

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6
Q

Type of command structure needed when an incident involves or threatens to involve more than one jurisdiction or agency

A
  • Unified command structure
  • may be appropriate within a single jurisdiction if multiple agencies are affected
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7
Q

NFPA 1561

A

standard for FD Incident Management System

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8
Q

IAP establishes what?

(Incident Action Plan)

A

Overall strategic decisions and assigned tactical objectives for an incident

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9
Q

Decision-making processes Model used to help manage incidents thats used by NIMS

A

Operational Planning “P” Model

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10
Q

Lloyd Layman’s _____-__ model focuses on Key strategies and Tactics needed to resolve an incident, primarily Fire related incidents

A

RECEO-VS

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11
Q

Operational Planning “P” focuses on the first five steps of the NIMS-ICS planning process:

A
  1. Understand the situation (size-up)
  2. Establish incident objectives and strategies
  3. Develop the plan of action (IAP)
  4. Prepare and disseminate the plan (make assignments)
  5. Evaluate and revise the plan
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12
Q

acronym RECEO-VS

A
  • RESCUE
  • EXPOSURES
  • CONFINEMENT
  • EXTINGUISHMENT
  • OVERHAUL
  • VENTILATION
  • SALVAGE
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13
Q

Newer acroynm thats recommended for use by 1st arriving crews to initiate command and control of an incident. Composed of sequential actions and two actions of oppurtunity:

A

SLICE-RS

  • Size-up
  • Locate the fire
  • Identify and control flow path
  • Cool the space from the safest distance
  • Extinguishment
  • Rescue
  • Salvage
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14
Q
  • a system that optimizes the utilization of all available resources, personnel, procedures, and equipment in order to promote safety and improve operational efficiency
  • designed to empower people w/ bias for action to contribute to the safety and goals of mitigating the incident
A

CRM

Crew Resource Management

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15
Q

Incident Priorities are always considered in this order:

A
  • Life Safety
  • Incident Stabilization
  • Property/Environmental conservation
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16
Q

who established the 2-in/2-out rule

A

OSHA

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17
Q

the identification, assessment, analysis, control, avoidance, and minimization or elimiation of risk

A

Risk Management

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18
Q

A type of size-up that should be employed to evaluate the potential of a victim being alive withiin an IDLH environment

A

Victim survivability profiling (occupant survivability profiling)

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19
Q

The environment within a structural fire can exceed __ o F within 3-4 mins with the potential for flashover to occur within __ mins

A

500o F

5

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20
Q
  • Size-up process begins when?
  • 3 specific time periods that size-up takes places?
A
  • before an incident is reported and continues throughout the incident
  • Pre-incident, response and arrival, and during the incident
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21
Q

Size-up is an ongoing process of evaluating an emergency situation to determine:

5

A
  1. What has happened (nature/scope of incident)?
  2. what is happening?
  3. what is likely to happen?
  4. what resources are available w/ the initial response?
  5. what additional resources will be needed to mitigate the incident?
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22
Q

Operational readiness is a means to evaluate and pepare for the things you can do before an emergency. It includes what 4 things?

A
  • Fitness
  • preplans
  • vehicle/equipment checks
  • wellness of the crew
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23
Q

A standard initial report typically includes the following:

A
  • On-scene report
  • clear alarm
  • unit designation/on the scene
  • building/area description
  • obvious problems/conditions
  • actions taken
  • declaration of strategy
  • commnad confirmation with name
  • follow-up radio report
  • any immediate safety concerns accountablility started
  • disposition of resources
  • initial rapid intervention crew - in place and identified
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24
Q

To successfully enact change

A
  • verbalize expectations
  • establish priorities
  • listen to subordinates
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25
Q

The categories of duties for all levels Fire Officers, as listed in NFPA, are:

A
  • Community and Gov’t relations
  • Admin
  • Inspections and investigation
  • Emergency service delivery
  • Health and safety
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26
Q

Safey must become ______ _______ for all personnel in all types of emergency and nonemergency situations. Safety policies are ________, and the importance of safety cannot be overemphasized.

A

2nd nature

nonnegotiable

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27
Q

A person who leads or directs a unit

A

Leader

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28
Q

individual who accomplishes organizational objectives through effective and efficient handling of material and human resources

A

Manager

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29
Q

A person who is responsible for directing the performance of other ppl or employees

A

Supervisor

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30
Q
  • Commonly used in the fire and emergency services, defined as having uninterrupted serious of steps or a chain of command
  • Decisions/info are directed from the top of this organizational structure down thru intermediate levels to the base and vice versa from bottom to top.
  • direct communication at lower organizational levels allows for quicker actions and reactions.
  • certain decision making authority is delagated to lower levels and communication is enhanced
  • info is generally CENTRALIZED for decision making
A

Scalar Structure

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31
Q

those who deliver services to the public or external customers;

typical functions include: fire suppression, EMS, inspections, education, and ivestigations

A

Line personnel

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32
Q

Those who provide support to the line personnel and internal or external customers;

typical functions: training, logistics, aux organizations, and personnel admin

A

Staff personnel

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33
Q

refers to the legal ability of an individual to make and implement decisions for which the individual is held accountable

A

Authority

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34
Q

Two types of decision making models:

A

centralized authority

decentralized authority

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35
Q

Decisions are made by one person at the top of strucure

works well in very small organizations, such as individual fire company

A

Centralized Authority

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36
Q

Decisions are made at a lower level w/ effects of the decisions reported through the structure

Decision making should be delegated to the lowest level possible

Allows almost all matters to be handled expeditiously

A

Decentralized Authority

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37
Q

Each person within an organization reports to one, and only one, designated authority

A

Unity of command

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38
Q

Purpose of unity of command

A

to ensure unity of effort under one responsible commander for every objective

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39
Q

Per NWCG (National Wildland Coordinating Group) Field Ops Guide, the 3 essential components of leaders intent are:

A
  • Task - objective of the assignment
  • Purpose - why the assignment needs to be done
  • End State - how the situation should look when the assignment is successfully completed
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40
Q

Path of responsibility from the top of the organization to the bottom and vice versa

Although each member reports directly to one supervisor, all members throughtout the chain of command are still indirectly reponsible to the chief

A

Chain of Command

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41
Q

With _____ of command, supervisors divide the work into specific job assignments w/ out losing control

A

Unity

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42
Q

Consists of dividing large jobs into smaller tasks that are assigned to specific individuals.

A

Division of Labor

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43
Q

Fire and EMS use Division of Labor to :

A

Assign responsibility

Prevent duplication

Make specific, clear-cut assignments

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44
Q

Work groups may be created according to:

A

Type of Task

Geographical area

Time of year/season

Available resources

Skills specialization

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45
Q

For division of labor to be effective, all positions w/ in organization must be clearly defined.

_______ ________ is the key to identifying all the skills and knowledge req. for that job

A

Position analysis

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46
Q

Fire and emergency service organizations can be classified as either _____ or ______ depending on how the orgainzation is funded

A

public or private

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47
Q
  • How are public fire organizations funded
  • How are private fire organizations funded
A
  • The public thru collection of taxes and fees
  • Revenue provided by their parent organization, the sale of services, and contracts
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48
Q

Common public jurisdictions that provide fire and emergency service protection include:

A
  1. Municipal
  2. Fire district
  3. Federal
  4. County State/provincial
  5. Tribal
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49
Q

Primary means of categorizing public fire organization

A

Jurisdiction the organization serves

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50
Q
  • These types of fire organizations follow an organizational structure that reflects local gov’t structure.
  • Dept. head generally oversees the organizations operation and serves as the principal interface between it and the rest of the municipal gov’t
  • Size depends primarily on size of population and geographical area served. Also special fire protection req’s and # of services local governing body determines necessary
A

Municipal

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51
Q

This type of fire organization generally protect large unicncorporated land that contain large populations.

A

County

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52
Q

Fire organizations that are not under the jurisdiction of a municipal, county, state/provincial, or fed gov’t.

Generally operate under a locally-elected board of trustees or fire commissioners.

Funding comes from district tax or subscription fee. City, county, state/provincial taxes, special levies, and mill rates

A

Fire District

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53
Q

This Fire organization may provide emergency and nonemergency services.

Generally fire suppression organized for forest, wildland, and urban-interface fires.

Nonemergency services inlcude state fire marshals office

A

state/provencial

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54
Q

There are _____ federally-recognized Native American tribal gov’s within US. Many reside on the 55.7 million acres of land that US gov’t holds in trust

The US Bureau of _____ _____ trains, equips, and funds fire emergency services organizations

The Dept of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada provides similiar support to the ___ officially recognized communities of Aborginial Peoples of Cananda (First Nations)

A

573

Indian Affairs

618

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55
Q

Volunteer FF’s staff approx __% of fire and emergency services organizations

A

70%

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56
Q

Political subdivision of a state, province, or territory for admin purposes and public safety. AKA Parish

A

County

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57
Q

Designated geographical area where fire protection is provided, usually thru a supporting tax or an area where fire prevention codes are enforced

A

Fire District

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58
Q
  • Organizational principle that allows workers to report to more than one supervisor with violating the unity of command principle
  • Workers report to their primary supervisor for most of their activities but report to a second supervisor for activities that relate to an assigned function only, and both supervisors coordinate closely
A

Functional Supervision

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59
Q

Functional division of the lowest level of local gov’t

A

Municipal

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60
Q

Territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation whose rights are defined by a constitution

A

State/Provincial

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61
Q

______ has been called a trait, a behavior, a skill, a talent, a characteristic, a science, and an art

A

Leadership

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62
Q

Leadership and Decision-Making Styles

A
  • Autocratic
  • Democratic
  • Laissez-faire

Other identified Leadership styles include (Burns, 1978 and Bass, 1985)

  • Transformational
  • Transactional
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63
Q

This leadership style provides clear direction of what, how, and when tasks will be performed. Followers provide little or no input into leaders decisions;

Orders flow from the top down, and compliance is accomplished thru rules, regs, and punishment for non compliance

A

Autocratic

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64
Q

This leadership style leaders solicit input from their followers before making decisions.

Sometimes called participative leadership.

Req’s followers to participate in the process and be held accountable for the tasks delegated to them

A

Democratic

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65
Q

In this Leadership style leaders do not make decisions or avoid making them.

Followers left to make decisions and solve problems for themselves.

Leaders typically hae very little authority in their orgainzation

A

Laisez- faire

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66
Q

Leadership style in which organizational change is accomplished by followers commitment to the leaders vision and inspiration

A

Transformational

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67
Q

This Leadership style enforces compliance through rewards and punishments.

This this leadership style seeks to maintain consistency and is most effective in situations where performance needs to be standardized and consistent

AKA managerial leadership

A

Transactional

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68
Q

Ethics: 3 Step Check

A
  1. Is it legal?
  2. Is it fair to all concerned?
  3. How will it make me feel about myself
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69
Q

Determine what an individual believes about morality and right and wrong

A

Personal Ethics

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70
Q

a system of morale principles. These principles define what is correct and proper behavior for the members of a society

A

Ethics

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71
Q

Humans have both an _____ mind, that reacts very quickly w/ behavoirs based on experience, and a _____ mind, which acts more slowly and is more systematic.

A

Emotional

Cognitive

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72
Q

The Emotional Learning System (ELS) process uses what 5 steps to help you become less reactive and better identify and express your strong emotions:

  • Step A -
  • Step B -
  • Step C -
  • Step D -
  • Step E -
A
  1. Self-Assessment: Explore
  2. Self-Awareness: Identify
  3. Self-Knowledge: Understand
  4. Self-Developement: Learn
  5. Self-Improvement: Apply and Match
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73
Q

What are the 3 parts to assertive communication that can help you to maintain your rights as a person while also respecting anothers rights.

A
  • 1st - use the first person singular: “I feel, I believe, I think”
  • 2nd - describe what you think or feel about a particular situation: “I feel frustrated when …..”
  • 3rd - express what you would like to have happen
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74
Q

Includes the processes of directing, overseeing, and controlling the activities of other individuals

A

Supervision

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75
Q

Refers to the administration and control of projects, programs, situations, or organizations.

A

Management

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76
Q

IAFC divides fire officer ranks into four levels in its Professional Developement Model:

  1. Level I - ______ fire officer
  2. Level II - ______ fire officer
  3. Level III - ______ fire officer
  4. Level IV - ______ fire officer
A
  1. Supervising (all company officers)
  2. Managing (battalion, district, and assis. chiefs)
  3. Adminstrative (admin chief in charge of divisions or bureaus w/ in a dept)
  4. Executive (chief of dept)
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77
Q

First line supervisor should categorize activities into 3 priority levels:

A

Emergency response

Preparation for emergency response

Organizational duties

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78
Q

Acronym that can help officers develop goals and objectives and to effectively communicate them to unit members:

(assist company officer in managing and leading a crew)

A

SMART

Specific

Measurable

Action-oriented

Relevant

Time sensitive

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79
Q

4 stage development model developed by Bruce Tuckman (Tuckman, 1965) that can help a company officer guide individuals in a group and focus their efforts on becoming a cohesive team.

A
  • Forming
  • Storming
  • Norming
  • Performing
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80
Q

4 stage development model developed by Bruce Tuckman (Tuckman, 1965);

  • Stage employees are initially uncertain of their roles in the group. Uncertain if they can trust or work w/ other members
  • As relationships grow, trust and respect develope.
  • Members begin seeing themselves as part of group and become enthusiastic about new projects/tasks
  • This phase is CRITICAL within the team-developement process and one in which a company officer can have a significant effect
A

Forming

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81
Q

4 stage development model developed by Bruce Tuckman (Tuckman, 1965);

  • During this phase conflict may result as members compete for a position of informal leadership or attempt to exert their personal influence over the group
  • Leader is SUPPORTIVE in this stage. He actively listens to members and provides explanations for decisions.
  • The MOST CRITICAL aspect of successful team development is to REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF TIME THE GROUP SPENDS IN THIS PHASE
A

Storming

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82
Q

4 stage development model developed by Bruce Tuckman (Tuckman, 1965);

  • During this phase the group establishes and adheres to its own set of norms and values.
  • Members become closer
  • Leader transitions into role of a peer, allowing other team members to share leadership responsibilities
A

Norming

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83
Q

4 stage development model developed by Bruce Tuckman (Tuckman, 1965);

  • During this phase the supervisor works to maintain spirit as the group accomplishes its objectives.
  • At this stage, the group is a true team with all members sharing leadership.
A

Performing

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84
Q

4 stage development model developed by Bruce Tuckman (Tuckman, 1965);

  • During this stage is the planned (sometimes unplanned) termination of the group task.
  • Includes acknowledgement of the groups accomplishments and recongition of the participation of the individual members.
  • Its an oppurtunity to debrief group members and determine if any changes in the process should be made
A

Adjourning

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85
Q

Effective feedback needs to be ____, _____, ______, and ______.

A

Honest

Immediate

Direct

Frequent

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86
Q

4-step method that can be used for counseling:

A
  1. Describe the current performance
  2. Describe the desired performance
  3. Gain a commitment for change
  4. Follow up the commitment
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87
Q
  • Born between 1946 and 1964
  • typically idealistic
  • place high value on fairness, equality, hard work, and competition
  • Hx of questioning authority and wanting to know why something is important
  • place high value on education, family, and personal leisure time
  • workaholics and work efficiently
  • team players and desire quality
  • respond positively to achievement titles
  • want to be valued and needed
A

Baby Boomers

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88
Q
  • Born between 1965 and 1980
  • req. personal flexibility and thrive on feedback from iinstructors/supervisors
  • prefer to work independently w/ minimal supervision
  • seek a balance between work and leisure time in their lives
  • self-relaince is important, more entrepreneurial
  • Refered to as the “baby bust” because their population is much smaller than that of their parents
A

Gen-X

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89
Q
  • Born between 1980 and 1995
  • use technology as part of their daily lives
  • use online social networks as a way of creating relationships and sharing info
  • are generally optimitic
  • appreciate diversity
  • demand instant gratification in the form of tangilble results for their efforts
  • take a broad world view
  • embrace email and voicemall over in-person communication
A

Millennials, Gen-Y, Dot Comers, Nexters

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90
Q
  • Born between 1995 and 2012
  • grew up using internet
  • use online social networks as a way of creating relationships and sharing info
  • move from desktop PC to mobile computing devices
A

Gen Z, Post-Millennials

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91
Q

Hanri Fayol introduced five universal functions of management that are still relevant today (4 of which are essential to the management of fire and emergency service organizations)

The Tasks associated with each function are:

A
  1. Planning
  2. Organizing
  3. Directing
  4. Controlling
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92
Q

Hanri Fayol introduced five universal functions of management that are still relevant today (4 of which are essential to the management of fire and emergency service organizations)

List the tasks associated with the PLANNING Function

A

Creat mission statement and set goals and objectives. Develope tactical plans for accomplishing a specific objective

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93
Q

Hanri Fayol introduced five universal functions of management that are still relevant today (4 of which are essential to the management of fire and emergency service organizations)

List the tasks associated with the ORGANIZING function:

A

Coordinate tasks and resources to accomplish the units goals and objectives by:

  • Establishing the unitis internal structure, system, or organization
  • Creating labor divisions
  • Coordinating resource allocation
  • Taking responsibility for tasks and info flow w/ in dept.
  • Filling positions w/ qualified ppl
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94
Q

Hanri Fayol introduced five universal functions of management that are still relevant today (4 of which are essential to the management of fire and emergency service organizations)

List the tasks associated with the DIRECTING function:

A

Guide, influence, inspire, and motivate employees to achieve the goals and objectives w/in a group. Directing is a proactive approach to managing, as the company officer applies leadership and supervision concepts

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95
Q

Hanri Fayol introduced five universal functions of management that are still relevant today (4 of which are essential to the management of fire and emergency service organizations)

List the tasks associated with the CONTROLLING function:

A

Establish and implement mechanisms to ensure that objectives are obtained. Set performance standards; measure and report the actual performance; compare performance standard with the actual performance; and take preventative and corrective action to close the gap between the two perfomance levels

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96
Q
A
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97
Q

NFPA 1021 defines Level I officer as a _______ and Level II officer as a _______

A

supervisor

manager

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98
Q

Determines in advance what an organization, a group, or an individual should do and how it gets done. It is the foundation of the management process

A

planning

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99
Q

Plans are generally classified by the frequency with which they are used and divided into what two broad categories:

A

Standing Plans

Single-use Plans

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100
Q
  • This type of plan includes policies, procedures, and rules that are used frequently to manage the day-to-day emergency and non-emergency unit activities
  • They help to ensure the consistent and equal application of authority while defining responsibility w/ in the organization
A

Standing Plans

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101
Q
  • This type of plan is used to accomplish a specific objective, such as the developement of a program, project or budget.
  • These plans are usually intended to reach an objective within a short period of time
A

Single-Use

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102
Q
  • These type of plans take into account the external factors that affect an organization, such as changes in the economy, demographics, service req., hazards, and technology.
  • They chart the organization course over an idefinite future that is divided into definite time components
A

Strategic Plans

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103
Q
  • These type of plans focus on how objectives will be accomplished.
  • These objective, fact based plans deal with factors that are within the control of the organization, while strategic plans are subjective
A

Operational/Adminstrative Plans

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104
Q
  • These type of plans create alternative plans that can be implemented in the event of unforeseen events that make original plans unsuitable
A

Contingency Plans

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105
Q
  • An evaluation method that incorporates feedback from multiple sources such as the worker, his/her peers, superiors, subordinates, and customers
A

360-degree Feedback Evaluation

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106
Q
  • An individual’s ability to correctly perceive and label their own and others emotions. Also known as Emotional Quotient (EQ)
A

Emotional Intelligence (EI)

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107
Q

System of moral principles governing the perception of right and wrong

A

Ethics

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108
Q

Process of accomplishing organzitional objectives through effective and efficient handling of resources; official, sanctioned leadership

A

Management

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109
Q

Officers should should make sure Sexual Harassment policy is clearly stated to __________ and posted in a __________ in the station or facility

A

All employees

Highly visible location

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110
Q

Possible warning signs that sexual harassment is occuring that the officer must monitor;

A
  • Lack of engagement
  • Absenteeism
  • Avoidance of certain coworkers
  • Changes in behavior
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111
Q

Harassment is unwelcome conduct that is based on what 8 groups

A

race

color

religion

sex (including pregnancy)

national origin

age (40 >)

disability

genetic

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112
Q

When does sexual harrassment become unlawful

(2)

A
  • Enduring the offensive conduct becomes a condition of continued employement,

or

  • The conduct is severe or pervasive enough to create a work environment that a reasonable person consider intimidating, hostile, or abusive
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113
Q

Best tool to eliminate Sexual Harassment in the workplace

A

Prevention

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114
Q

Employers should clearly communicate to employees that unwelcome harassing conduct will not be tolerated. They can do this by ?

A
  • Establishing and effective complaint or grievance process
  • Provide anti-harassment training to their managers and employees
  • Take immediate and appropraite action when an employee complains
115
Q

EEOC provides the following guidance on sexual harassment:

(5)

A

Its unlawful to harass a person because of that persons sex. Harassment can include “sexual harassment” or unwelcome sexual advances, request for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature

Harassment does not have to be of a sexual nature, however, and can include remarks about a persons sex.

The victim and harasser can be of either the same or different sexes

Although law doesnt prohibit simple teasing, offhand comments, or isolated incidents that are not very serious, harassment is illegal when it is so frequent or severe it creates a hostile or offensive work environment or when it results in an adverse employement decision

Harasser can be supervisor, supervisor in another area, co-worker, or someone who is not an employee of the employer, such as a client or customer

116
Q

Year FMLA act was established

CFR # and part?

A

1993

29 CFR Part 825

117
Q

Is a United States federal law requiring covered employers to provide employees job-protected leave for qualified medical and family reasons

A

FMLA

118
Q

Requirements for an employee to be eligible for FMLA

A
  • Worked for covered employer for at least 12 months
  • Worked at least 1,250 hrs for that employer during 12 months prior to start of FMLA
  • Worked at or within 75 mi of a location where employer has at least 50 employees
119
Q

Per the Dept. of Labor, how much leave time are employees entitled to

A

12 work weeks of leave in a 12 month period

120
Q

Approved Medical and Family reasons under FMLA

A
  • birth of a child and to care for newborn child w/in 1 yr of birth
  • placement with the employee of a child for adoption or foster care and th care for the newly placed child within 1 yr
  • care for spouse, child, or parent who has a serious health condition
  • employee is unable to work because of serious health condition
  • any qualifying exigency arising out of the fact that the employees spouse, son, daughter, or parent is a covered military member on “covered active leave”
121
Q

Under Military Caregiver Leave, employees are entitled to how much leave to care for a covered service member w/ a serious injury/illness if eligible employee is the service members spouse, son, daughter, parent, or next of kin

A

26 work weeks during 12-month period

122
Q

Corrective disciplinary actions should be taken in a manner that is _____ and _____

A

progressive

Lawful

123
Q

Progressive discipline usually involves 3 levels of action

A

Preventative

Corrective

Punitive

124
Q

Discipline may only be administered for violations of the following:

A

Rules, Regs, and Laws

SOPs/SOGs

Verbal orders

Collective bargaining agreements

125
Q

Characteristics of interpersonal communication include:

A

Informal language

informal nonverbal clues

frequent changes of the speaker and listener roles

spontaneity

formality

intensity

126
Q

Interpersonal communication consists of the following basic elements:

A

Sender

Message

Reciever (crew member)

Feedback to the sender

Interference

127
Q

For communication to be effective, both the sender and reciever must agree on its _____

A

purpose

128
Q

What are the 5 general purposes for INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

A

Learn

Relate

Influence

Play (entertain)

Help

129
Q

Practicing the following guidelines will help an Officer cultivate the skills needed for strong verbal communication

A
  • engage in dual perspective
  • take responsibility for personal feelings and thoughts
  • show respect for the feelings and thoughts of the other person
  • try to gain accuracy and clarity in speaking
  • be aware of any special needs of the reciever
  • avoid speaking or addressing a problem while angry or otherwise experiencing strong emotions
130
Q

Nonverbal communication consists of what elements

A

Body language

Vocal tone and inflection

Personal appearance

131
Q
  • In Eurocentric cultures, good eye contact can convey what?
  • Averting one’s gaze can indicate what?
  • However, eye contact is also a function of ______ _______, so it must be appropriate to the situation, the relationship, and the culture
A
  • self-confidence, honesty, trust, and credibility
  • deceit, dishonesty, insecurity, or anxiety
  • cultural background
132
Q

Nonverbal communication can reveal and project what 4 different things

A

a person’s self-perception

emotional state

appoachability

cultural background

133
Q

Match Facial Expressions to the ______

A

Message

134
Q

Research supports that there are universal facial expressions for 7 emotions:

(Matsumoto and Hwang)

A
  1. Anger
  2. Contempt
  3. Disgust
  4. Fear
  5. Joy
  6. Sadness
  7. Surprise
135
Q

Listening, unlike simply hearing, is an _____ process that includes what elements?

A

active

  • Attending
  • Understanding
  • Remembering
  • Evaluating
  • Responding
136
Q

This element of the active process of Listening involves:

  • Critically analyzing info to determine how accurate it is
  • seperating facts from opinion
A

Evaluating

137
Q

Elements to effectively evaluate a message include:

A
  • Drawing on personal experience
  • Assessing credibility of the speaker
  • Interpreting nonverbal cues
138
Q

Element of the active process of Listening ​that involves:

  • provides feedback to sender indicating that the message or info has been understood, or that it req. more explanation.
A

Responding

139
Q

What are the 3 basic types of Responses:

A
  • Verbal, such as asking questions or requesting more info
  • Nonverbal, such as sleeping in class
  • Written, such as answering questions on a test or report
140
Q

Whenever possible, remove communication barriers. Before small group meetings or individual counseling sessions, remove barriers to listening in the rooms where the meetings will take place. These barriers may include:

A
  • noise-producing equipment or visual distractions (posters on the wall)
  • Wall decorations in classrooms should supplement the course material and not distract from it
141
Q

Active listening is not the same as Reflective listening, which is what?

A

a process in which listener repeats back to the speaker what they just heard to confirm understanding on the part of both parties

142
Q

process of engaging with individuals or groups using spoken language

A

Oral communication

143
Q

Element of the active process of Listening ​that involves:

  • Retaining info in short term and then long term memory
A

Remembering

144
Q

Techniques for better recall include:

A
  • Taking notes
  • repeating info back to sender
  • using MNEMONIC devices
  • asking questions about unclear info
145
Q

Element of the active process of Listening ​that involves:

Decoding the message and assigning meaning to it and involves the following action:

  • Organizing message into logical pattern
  • Interpreting nonverbal cues
  • Asking questions to clarify meaning
A

Understanding

146
Q

Element of the active process of Listening ​that involves:

  • paying strict attention to the speaker and ignoring any distractions.
A

Attending (focus)

147
Q

Other ways to improve listening skills through focus include:

A
  • looking at the speaker when possible; think about the speaker and what is being said
  • Visualizing the situation or event that the speaker is talkiing about
  • Waiting until the speaker has finished delivering the message before responding
  • Listening to the verbal message and observing nonverbal messages
148
Q

3 types of speeches/presentations most commonly used by company officers are:

A

Persuasive

Informative

Instructional

149
Q
  • This type of speech may be difficult to develope and yet can be the MOST IMPORTANT speeches an officer can give
  • Describing a problem and supplying a solution is intented to cause change
A

Persuasive

150
Q

This type of speech is easiest to develope when supporting data is compiled and analyzed.

Company officers use these speeches to:

  • Provide status reports
  • Give project updates
  • Educate the public and media
  • Describe events
  • Provide unit-level training
A

Informative

151
Q
  • Type of speech used to teach the audience how to do something.
  • Normally include a visual aide or demonstration
A

Intructional

152
Q

Written communication must be ____, ____, and _____ in appearance

A

accurate

concise

professional

153
Q

The 1st step in writing any document is to determine what?

A

audience

scope

purpose

154
Q

Outlining the document helps the writer establish the _____ flow of the material, placing the strongest points at the _____ and then supporting each point w/ additional data

A

Logical

Beginning

155
Q

Average paragraph is how many words long?

This equats to a topic sentence and __ or __ supporting sentences

A

75-125

4-5

156
Q

Transition words and phrases are used when

A

beginning and end of paragraph

157
Q

Examples of transitions used at the start of a paragraph can be divided into what 4 categories:

A
  • Showing contrast or qualification
  • Indicating continuity
  • Showing cause and effect
  • Indicating exemplification
158
Q

Majority of memos are written to provide the following 6 types of info:

A

Who

What

When

Where

Why

How

159
Q

Important reasons for an organization to have an Email Policy?

A

Professionalism

Efficiency

Liability protection

160
Q

Letters are generally used to correspond with who?

A

persons

groups

agencies outside the organization

161
Q

Types of Narrative reports include:

A

Justification

Recommendation

Progress

Progress and justification

Description

162
Q

Used to determine organizational decision-making

A

Policy

163
Q

A detailed plan of action that is similiar and closely related to a Policy

A

Procedure

164
Q

statements that identify a general philosophy and may be included as part of a policy

A

Guidelines

165
Q

In the context of this manual, Policies define what must be done and ______ describe the steps required to comply with the policies

A

procedures

166
Q

Provide instantaneous communication amoung emergency response companies, between those companies and the telecommunications center, and between companies and the rest of the emergency scene organiztion.

Safety of emergency responders is greatly increased thru effective _____ communication

A

Radio

Effective

167
Q

Radio thats normally operated from the jurisdictions telecommunications center, stations, and other facilities.

May have scaled down version of this type assembled at ICP or IB for long term large scale incident

A

Base Radio

168
Q

Type of radio mounted in emergency response vehicle (typically in cab)

A

Mobile Radio

169
Q

Type of radio that allows personnel to remain in contact w/ each other while they are away from an apparatus mobile radio. May be operated on multiple channels

A

Portable Radio

Sometimes referred to as walkie talkies, hand-talkies, portables

170
Q

This system recieves a signal from a radio, boost its power, and then transmits the signal to the receiver

A

Repeater System

171
Q

What are the two types of repeater systems

A
  • apparatus mounted repeaters
  • prepositioned in specific geographical areas
172
Q

Wireless telephone system that can provide reliable communication that is free of the limitations and interference that can hinder other types of telephone communications.

Some can operate as radios, communicating w/ other units w/in coverage area

A

satellite phone

173
Q
A
174
Q

Broadband connections are at least ___ times faster than modems

A

10X

175
Q

radio operated data terminal that allows a telecommunications center to transmit dispatch info, incident/patient status info, confidential messages that arent appropraite for verbal transmission over a radio, chemical info, and maps and charts to units at or enroute to incident

A

Mobile Data Terminal (MDT)

176
Q

Has all the features of an MDT with addition of a keyboard that allows two way communication between mobile units and the telecommunications center

A

Mobile Data Computer (MDC)

177
Q

Designed to provide a computer readable description of geographic features in a given area

A

Geographic Info System (GIS)

178
Q

This device is commonly used to dispatch the closest available unit to an emergency, track units at an emergency scene, and determine specific coordinates during emergencies

A

Global Positioning System (GPS)

179
Q

Type of radio thats relatively inexpensive and used in some rural jurisdictions

A

Citizen Band (CB) Radio

180
Q

4 key objectives in the developement of the NIMS/ICS standards were to:

A
  1. provide enhanced functionality w/ equip and capabilities for public safety needs
  2. Improve spectrum efficiency
  3. Ensure competition amoung multiple vendors through open systems architecture
  4. Allow effective, efficient, and reliable intra-agency and interagency communications
181
Q

What are the 5 C’s of Radio Communication

A
  1. Consciseness
  2. Control
  3. Confidence
  4. Clarity
  5. Capability
182
Q

Statement that identifies a general philosophy; may be included as part of a policy

A

Guideline

183
Q

Organizational principle that is developed and adopted as a basis for decision-making

A

Policy

184
Q

Customers of fire and emergency service organiztions?

A

Internal employees

External beneficiaries

stakeholders

185
Q

Type of budget that includes projected major purchases - items that cost more than a specified amount of money and are expected to last more than one year (usually __ or more years)

A

Capital Budget

3

186
Q

Personnel costs may represent as much as __ % of the operating budget

A

90

187
Q
  1. NFPA 1500
  2. NFPA 1521
  3. NFPA 1561
  4. NFPA 1581
  5. NFPA 1582
  6. NFPA 1584
  7. NFPA 1852
  8. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134
A
  1. FD Occupational Safety, Health, and Wellness Program
  2. FD Safety Officer Professional Qualifications
  3. Emergency Service Incident Management System and Command Safety
  4. FD Infection Control Program
  5. Comprehensive Occupational Medical Progran for FD
  6. Rehab Process for Members During Emergency Ops and Training Excercises
  7. Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
  8. Respiratory Protection
188
Q

Leading injuries for responders are

A

sprains and strains

189
Q

Most common cause of Incident Fatalities

A

Cardiac Arrest

190
Q

Emergency Scene Injuries/fatalities can be prevented or reduced by developing what?

A
  • Accurate scene size-up skills

and

  • Utilizing sound risk management practices to devise the overall operational strategy
191
Q

Company officer must address both unsafe ____ and unsafe ____ to ensure scene safety

A

acts

conditions

192
Q

internal factors that the company officer or a member of the crew performs.

A

Unsafe Acts

193
Q

Externally controlled and should be recognized and addressed appopriately

A

Unsafe Conditions

194
Q

best way to ensure responders dont perform unsafe acts during an incident

A

Training

195
Q

Smoke Hazards

In addition to deadly inhalation hazards such as carbon monoxide/Hydrogen cyanide, smoke may contain what 2 things that can penetrate ff protection clothing and become a skin absorption hazard.

Some are known carcinogens

A

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

and

Polycyclic Aromaatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

196
Q
  • according to NFPA, in 2016 there were ____ injuries associated w/ nonemergency activities
  • and ____ injuries associated w/ training
  • these injuries primarily involved:
A
  • 12,780
  • 8,480
  • sprains, strains, cuts, bruises
197
Q

3 E’s of Safety Model

A

Engineering

Education

Enforcement

198
Q
  • Company officer MOST IMPORTANT TASK is to ensure what?
  • The company officer must balance the acceptable level of _____ to the unit while fulfilling assigned _________
    ch. 1 pg 12
A

Personel Safety

Risk - Objectives

199
Q

New Company Officers need to recognize they are both supervisory and subordinate.

  1. As a supervisor, the company officer is responsible for ____________
  2. The organizations admin expects the company officer to __________.
  3. The company officer is also expected to represent the ___________ and ensure _________ with admin policies, rules, and regulations.

ch 1 pg 12

A
  1. unit members and their actions while on duty
  2. supervise the unit and effectively complete assigned duties.
  3. admin - compliance
200
Q

Good customer service is essential to maintain a _______ _______ _______ of the agency

A

Positive Public Perception

201
Q

ALL members of the fire and emergency services are responsible for meeting the needs of their community with ______, ______, and _______

A

Competance

Courtesy

Efficiency

202
Q

Provide the most direct influence over the FFs they supervise

The Vital link between the unit and the organizations admin

A

Company Officers

203
Q

New Officers are challenged to learn, apply, and model the following:

A
  1. Leadership - cultivate leadership skills needed to ensure that unit operates safely, effectively, and efficiently
  2. Ethics - takes on greater imporance because officer is a role model for units subordinate members and peers, as well as the public
  3. Supervision - may be most difficult. move from being supervised to supervising, while still under supervision of higher officers can be overwhelming
  4. Responsibility - must assumne responsbility for their own actions, as well as the actions of subordinates
  5. Authority - must learn how much authority is legitimately assigned to the position and how to apply it in a fair and equitable manner
204
Q

Perceptions are _______, often based on emotions or rumors instead of facts, and they can be difficult to overcome

A

subjective

205
Q

Unless the officer clarifies his or new supervisory relationship with unit membvers and establishes a fair enforcement of policy, the Unit will ______

A

Suffer

206
Q

To successfully enact change, ________, __________, and _____________

A

verbalize expectations

Establish priorities

Listen to subordinates

207
Q

Overcoming tradition barriers (we never did it like that before)

Company officers must be able to:

A
  • explain WHY its important to make change
  • HOW change will benefit the crew/agency/community
208
Q

True friendships should never place the Officer or suborndinates in a negative situation

If such instances develope, the Officer may need to take more of a _______ approach to establish clear proffesional boundaries in the relationship

A

Authoritarian

209
Q

New Officers muse use ____, ____, and clear _____ to develope an appropriate leadership method for each individual unit member

A

skill, obersvation & clear communication

210
Q

3 ways a new Officer can successfully enact change

A

Verbalize Personal Expectations

Establish Priorities

Listen to Crew Members

211
Q

Best way for Company Officer to overcome Traditional Barriers (i.e. “we nvr did it like that before”

A
  • Be able to explain WHY
  • HOW the change will benifit the crew
212
Q

Listed under overcoming personal changes;

_____ in public, _____ in private

A

Praise

Discipline

213
Q

______ expectations may be the MOST DIFFICULT to overcome

A

Internal

214
Q

What are the categories of duties for all levels of Company Officers according to NFPA 1021

5

A
  1. Community and gov’t relationsips
  2. Admin
  3. Inspection & investigation
  4. Emergency service delvery
  5. Health & Safety
215
Q

Level 1 Fire Officer must administer organization’s policies, procedures, and orders at the ____ level

A

UNIT

216
Q

Listed under Emergency Service Delivery,

  • 1st arriving Company Officer must develope and initiate what 4 things
A

IAP

ISP

ICS

PIA (f**ollowing incident)

217
Q

Ensuring the health and safety of all personnel requires that the Level 1 Fire Officer:

A
  • Apply health and safety standards daily
  • Implement safety-related policies & procedures
  • Monitor personnel to ensure that safety guidelines are followed
  • Report ALL situations that involve job-related inj/fatalities
  • Act as role model by personally adhering to accepted health & safety practices
218
Q

SAFETY must become ____ _____ for all personnel in all types of emergency/nonemergency siuations.

A

2nd Nature

219
Q

Safety Policies are _______. and the importance of safety cannot be overemphasized

A

NONNEGOTIABLE

220
Q

Necessary to fire/ems because it permits the effective, organized, and efficient use of resources

Helps provide highest level of service at the lowest possible cost to customers

A

Organizational Structure

221
Q
  • Define organizational policy
  • Describe behavioral & employee performance expectations
A

SOP/SOGS

&

Rules & Regs

222
Q

Type of organizational structure commonly used in Fire/EMS service

defined as having an uninterrupted series of steps or chain of command

decisions/info are directed from top down thru intermediate levels to the base & vice versa

A

SCALAR STRUCTURE

223
Q

Allows for quicker actions & reactions at lower organizational levels

certain decision-making authority is delagated to lower levels enhancing communication

A

DIRECT COMMUNICATION

224
Q

Terms that refer to an organizational concept that seperates Fire/EMS personnel into two distinct groups

A

LINE personnel

STAFF personnel

225
Q

personnel who deliver services to the public or external customers; typically functions include fire suppression, EMS, inspections, education, and investigations

A

LINE personnel

226
Q

Provide support to line personnel and internal or external customers; typical functions are training, logistics, aux organiztions, and personnel admin

A

STAFF personnel

227
Q

Refers to the legal ability of an individual to make & implement decisions for which the individual is held accountable

A

Authority

228
Q

Two types of decision-making models:

A

Centralized

Decentralized

229
Q

In this type of decision making model ONE person makes the decisions.

Works well in very small organizations, such as an individual fire company

A

Centralized

230
Q

Decisions are made @ lower level w/ the effects of the decisions reported thru the structure.

To work effectively, Chief must ensure all members understand the organizations direction, values, and goals.

Decision making authority should be delagated to the LOWEST level possible

A

Decentralized

231
Q

Process of provideing subordinates w/ the authority, direction, & resources needed to complete an assignment

A

Delagation

232
Q

When assigning a task, the Company Officer should:

A

Describe the task and its relationsip to the overall objective or goal

Provide support for successful outcome

Identify time/safety constraints that apply to the assignment

Follow up on assigned task

233
Q

3 essential components of Leaders intent

(per the National Wildland Coordinating Group NWCG)

A
  • Task - objectives of assignment
  • Purpose - why the assignment needs to be done
  • End State - how the situation should look when the assignment is successfully completed
234
Q

each person within an organization reports to one, and only one, designated authority.

A

Unity of command

235
Q

Purpose of ______ is to ensure unity of effort under one responsible commander for every objective

A

Unity of Command

236
Q

Path of responsibility from the top of the organization to the bottom & vice versa

Although each member reports directly to one supervisor, all members throughot the chain of command are still indirectly responsbile to the Chief

A

Chain of Command

237
Q

To reduce sidestepping the chain of command, officers should

A

Be available

Be proactive

Take action

Follow up

238
Q

organizational principle that allows workers to report to more than one supervisor

useful when the distinction between line and staff functions becomes blurred

A

Functional Supervision

239
Q

Centralized vs Decentralized

A

One person makes the decisions

vs

Decision-making is delegated to others

240
Q

______ Authority works well in very small organizations, i.e. individual fire company

A

Centralized

241
Q

Process of providing subordinates w/ the authority, direction, and resources needed to complete an assignment

A

Delegation

242
Q

of subordinates and/or # of functions 1 individual can effectively supervise

Typically between __ - __

A

3-7

243
Q

NIMS ICS span of control ratio -

Optimum ratio -

A

1:3-7

1-5

244
Q

Variables that affect span of control

A

Ability and experience of the supervisor

ability and experience of subordinates

nature of the task

Proximity of subordinates to the supervisor and each other

ease//reliability of communications medium

consequence of a mistake

245
Q

Dividing large jobs into smaller tasks that are assigned to specific individuals.

A

Division of Labor

246
Q

Fire services use division of labor to:

3

A

assign responsibility

prevent duplication of effort

make specific, clear-cut assignments

247
Q

Work Groups may be created according to:

A

Type of Task

Geographical Area

Time of Year / Season

Available Resources

Skills Specialization

248
Q

Position Analysis

A

Key to identifying all the skills & knowledge req. for that job

249
Q

Job analyses

Job discription

A

critical for personnel to successfully perform their many tasks

250
Q

enables different companies to work together effectively because each company officer understands the capabilities, requirements, and needs of others

A

Cross-Training

251
Q

Two ways Fire/EMS service organizations can be classified depending upon how there funded

A

public

or

private

252
Q

Primary means of categorizing public Fire/EMS service organizations is by -

A

Jurisdiction organization serves

253
Q

According to this manual, Jurisdiction has two distinct associations:

A

The response area are served by a fire ems service organization

authority that gives the organization the legal right to exist, provides emergency services, and takes the actions necessary to ensure adequate protection

254
Q

Common public jurisdictions that provide fire & EMS service protectionn include:

6

A

Municipal

Fire District

Federal

County

State/Provincial

Tribal

255
Q
A
256
Q

Size of municipal fire ems organization depends primarily on -

A

Size of Population & Geographical Area served

Additional Factors:

  • special fire protection requirements
  • # of services that local governing body has determined necessary
257
Q

Depts Budget is normally set on an ____ basis

A

ANNUAL

258
Q

The second level in local gov’t is normally the _____

A

County

259
Q

These organizations generally protect large areas of unicorporated land that contain large populations

A

County

260
Q

Common names for fire and EMS organizations that are not under jurisdiction of a Municipal, County, or State/Provincial, or Fed gov’t

A

Fire District

Fire Protection District

Regional Fire Authority

261
Q

Fire Districts generally operate under

A

Locally elected board of trustees

or

Fire commisioners

262
Q
  • In most cases, the ____ _____ is established thru local elections in which residents may also elect board members & approve taxes
  • Funding may come from district tax / subscription fee
  • City/county/state/provincial taxes/special levies/mill rates may provide additional funding
A

Fire District

263
Q

Area that lies outside of jurisdictions that taxpayers support or fund

Generally rural, sparsely populated, & located far away from proper fire protection

Citizens living in these areas may not be willing to pay taxes for fire protection or their unavailable

A

Unserved Areas

264
Q

Generally, State/Provincial emergency fire suppression companies are organized for _____, _____, and ______ fires

A

forest

wildland

urban-interface

265
Q

Exist to protect federal lands & property

Includes Forestry units & Organizations stationed on Military installations.

Also maintains nationally organized USAR teams

A

Federal Fire District

266
Q

US Fire Admin (USFA) provides training courses for all paid, volunteer, and combo/composite organizations thru ______ and the ______

A

National Fire Academy (NFA)

Emergency Management Institute (EMI)

267
Q

US Gov’t operates fire & emergency services thru agencies that cover both Military & non-military installations in the continental US and abroad. These agencies provide all-risk fire protection, including:

4

A

Structural fire protection

Airport crash/rescue services (ARFF

Port

Shipboard fire protection

268
Q

Canadian Dept of National Defense oversees military and civilian fire & emergency service organizations operating in __ installations in and arount N. America

A

35

269
Q

____ governments have sovereignty over their designated lands, in accordance with the US & Canadian fed gov

A

Tribal

270
Q

How many Fed-recongnized Native American tribal Governments w/ in US.

A

573

271
Q

Trains, equips, and funds fire and EMS service organizations in the Native American Tribal Gov’t within the US

The ______ provides similiar support to the 618 officially recognized communities of Aboriginal Peoples of Canada (First Nations)

A

US Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)

Dept. of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC)

272
Q

3 Categories Private EMS organizations generally fall into

A
  • Industrial Fire Brigades
  • For-profit fire & Emergency services organizations
  • Private, nonprofit fire & EMS organizations
273
Q

NFPA 600

A

Standard on Facility Fire Brigades

274
Q

NFPA 1081

A

Standard for Facility Fire Brigade Member Professional Qualifications

275
Q

Funding for nonprofit Fire & EMS may come from?

Must meet the req. of the US TAX code for ____ organization

A
  • Donations
  • Fundraisers
  • Subscriptions
  • Contracts
  • Grants

501(c)(3)

276
Q

Fire & EMS organizations can be categorized by how they are staffed, which may consist of:

A

Career FF’s

Paid-on-call personnel

Volunteers

Combo

277
Q

In staffing, the term professional refers to

A

Level of competance or expertise, behavoir, and appearance that applies to career, paid-on-call, & volunteer personnel alike

278
Q

Volunteer FFs staff approx. __ % of fire / ems services organizations

A

70%

279
Q

Who oversees volunteer organizations?

A
  • Entity that supports organization

or

  • Independent association

or

  • governing board

or

  • nonprofit corporations governed by boards of directors
280
Q

In this type of Dept., whether public or private, personnel recieve pay while others serve on volunteer basis.

A

Combination Departments

281
Q

Type of Dept. that operate on a paid-on-call basis

Resemble a volunteer organization

Stations minimally staffed

Personnel summoned to incident scene or Fire station

FFs generally paid w/ hourly wage or set fee per response

Fiscally, this type of organization resemble full-time, career organizations

Most or all funding comes from Local gov’t agency or association

A

Paid-on-call Organizations

282
Q

Mutual/automatic/additional resource agreements should be considered _______; reviewed by the legal depts of all affected organizations; and approved by the ______ ______of the affected organizations

A

Contracts

Governing Bodies

283
Q

At minimum, mutual aide agreements and operating procedures for these agreements should include:

A
  • Define roles of each organization (Incident management & chain of command)
  • establish operating guidelines
  • define lines & methods of communications
  • include common terminology, references, specifications, equip compatability, other stuff that affects how diff organizations work together
  • maps/evac routes/hydrants
  • address insurance & legal consideratons
  • additional non-emergency agreements.
284
Q
  • similiar to mutual except that payment, such as per response or annual fee, rather than reciprocal aide is made by one organization to the other
  • Agreements should define what:
A
  • Additional Resource Agreeements
  • Conditions under which supports provided: automatic or request
  • terms for conducting respons: command & comm., SOPs/SOGs & legal considerations

CAPTAINS EXAM 2021 (9 decks)

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