Chapter 9 - Joints Flashcards Preview

A&P 1 - Chap 5 - Chap 12 (2nd test) > Chapter 9 - Joints > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 9 - Joints Deck (25)
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1
Q

Joints

A

where 2 or more bones meet so movement can occur

2
Q

3 Types of Joints

A
  1. Fibrous joints - fibers; dense CT; mainly collagen
  2. Cartilaginous joints - made of cartilage
  3. Synovial joints - fluid filled cavity between 2 bones; allows for a lot of movement; most common joint in body
3
Q

Types/Functional/Examples of Fibrous joints

A
  1. Sutures/Synarthrosis/Sutures of skull
  2. Syndesmosis/Synarthrosis/ligaments
  3. Gomphosis/Synarthrosis/Periodontal ligaments
4
Q

Types/Functional/Examples of Cartilaginous joints

A
  1. Synchondrosis (made of hyaline cart) /Synarthrosis/epiphyseal plate & costal cartilages
  2. Symphysis (made of fibrocartilage) /Amphiarthrosis/Intervertebral discs & pubic symphysis
5
Q

Types/Functional/Examples of Synovial joints

A

Diarthrosis/knees, elbow & shoulders

6
Q

Functional Classes of Joints

A

S - Synarthrosis - immovable joint
A - Amphiarthrosis - slightly movable joint
D - Diarthrosis - freely movable joint

7
Q

Examples of Synovial Joints based on shape of articular surface

A
  1. Ball & socket joint - head of femur & acetabulum of coxal bone; very stable joint
  2. Hinge joint - trochlea of humerus & trochlear notch of ulna; pretty stable
  3. Pivot joint - head of radius & radial notch on ulna; not as stable; allows bone to rotatate along surface of another bone
8
Q

Bursae (definition & function)

A

flattened fibrous sacs lined w/synovial membrane & contains synovial fluid; designed to be like a ball-bearing;
function: minimize damage due to friction

9
Q

Structure of synovial joint

A
  • Synovial cavity
  • Articular cartilage
  • Synovial membrane
  • Fibrous capsule
  • Reinforcing ligaments
10
Q

Synovial cavity

A

filled w/synovial fluid; lubricating fluid to allow for friction free movement

11
Q

Articular cartilage

A

covers end of bones @ a joint

12
Q

Synovial membrane & Articular cartilage

A

forms a cavity

13
Q

Fibrous capsule (stabilizing factors)

A

made of dense CT; covers outside of synovial membrane; makes it stronger; perostium

14
Q

Reinforcing ligaments (stabilizing factors)

A

attach bone to bone; binding material; helps to hold joints together

15
Q

Factors stabilizing synovial joints

A
  1. shape of articular surfaces
  2. ligaments - dense regular CT that attaches bone to bone
  3. muscle tone - low level of contractile activity in relaxed muscle; most important; slight pull exerted on muscles @ all time that keeps bone in place
16
Q

Tendon Sheath

A

elongated bursa wrapped around a tendon; covers & protects tendon

17
Q

Found in some Synovial joints to minimize damage due to friction:

A
  • Bursae

- Tendon sheath

18
Q

3 Most common types of arthritis (Joint diseases)

A
  1. osteoarthritis
  2. rheumatoid arthritis
  3. gouty arthritis
19
Q

Arthritis

A

common symptoms with different causes

20
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disorder, initially caused by inflammation of the synovial membrane

21
Q

Gouty arthritis

A

caused by uric acid accumulation

22
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

chronic degenerative disease mainly due to wear & tear on joints; “old-age disorder”; most common joint disorder

23
Q

Symptoms of Arthritis

A
  • pain upon movement of joint
  • swelling @ joint
  • stiffness @ joint
24
Q

Autoimmune disorder

A

when immune system starts attacking own body

25
Q

Uric Acid

A

by product of metabolism; when too much in body, it forms crystals in joints (ex. base of big toe)