Chapter 9: Evolution and Behavior Flashcards Preview

BIO 111: Introduction To Biology > Chapter 9: Evolution and Behavior > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 9: Evolution and Behavior Deck (24)
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1
Q

Behavior

A

Encompasses any and all of the actions performed by an organism often in response to its environment or the actions of another organism

2
Q

Instincts (Innate Behaviors)

A

Behaviors that don’t require any environmental input to develop. Are present in all individuals in a population and there is not much variation

3
Q

Fixed Action Pattern

A

Is a sequence of behaviors that requires no learning, does not vary among individuals, and once started goes to completion. Ex. Egg retrieval in geese

4
Q

Prepared Learning

A

When behaviors are learned easily and by all individuals. Ex. Humans speaking

5
Q

Altruistic Behaviors

A

They seem to come at a cost to the individual performing them, while benefitting a recipient. Ex. Spiders become food for their offspring

6
Q

Kin Selection

A

A strategy where one individual assisting another can compensate for its own decrease in fitness if it is helping a close relative that increases the relatives fitness

7
Q

Reciprocal Altruism

A

Can lead to the evolution of altruistic behavior toward unrelated individuals

8
Q

Inclusive Fitness

A

The ability of an individual organism to pass on its genes to the next generation taking into account the shared genes passed on by the organisms close relatives

9
Q

Group Selection

A

Refers to the idea that natural selection sometimes acts on whole groups of organisms leading to group advantageous traits

10
Q

Female

A

Defined as the sex that produced the larger gamete

11
Q

Male

A

Produces the smaller gamete

12
Q

Reproductive Investment

A

The material and energetic contribution to the offspring

13
Q

Total Reproductive Output

A

The lifetime number of offspring a male can produce

14
Q

Paternity Uncertainty

A

Because it is possible for a female to mate with multiple males male mammals and birds will have this to some degree

15
Q

First Tactic for Getting a Mate

A

Mate only after subjecting a male to courtship rituals

16
Q

Second Tactic for getting a mate

A

Mate only with a male who controls valuable resources

17
Q

Third Tactic for getting a mate

A

Mate only with a male who contributes a large parental investment up front

18
Q

Fourth Tactic of getting a mate

A

Mate only with a male that has a valuable physical attribute

19
Q

Mate Guarding

A

Is the process in which a member of a species attempts to prevent another member of a species of a different sex from mating with rival members

20
Q

Polygamy

A

A system in which some individuals attract multiple mates while other individuals attract none

21
Q

Polygyny

A

Individual males mate with multiple females

22
Q

Polyandry

A

Individual females mate with multiple males

23
Q

Mating Systems

A

Describes the patterns of mating behaviors in a species

24
Q

Pair Bond

A

Forms a close relationship through courtship and sexual activity with one other animal or person