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Flashcards in Chapter 9 Deck (26)
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1
Q

Chromatin

A

The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes

2
Q

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

A

Division of genetic material in nucleus

Division of cytoplasm: ring of microfilaments squeeze cell into two.

3
Q

Interphase

A

Where call is not dividing

G1: growth phase, produces cellular components
S phase: synthesis: DNA is replicated
G2- second gap phase, growing and preparing for division

4
Q

Mitotic spindle

A

An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis. (Forms during prophase)

5
Q

Kinetochore

A

Structure made up of proteins that have assembled on specific sections of chromosomal DNA at each centromere.

6
Q

Nonkinetochore microtubules

A

Responsible for elongating the whole cell during anaphase

7
Q

Cell plate

A

A membrane-bounded, flattened sac located at the mid line of a diving plant cell. Made from vesicles made in Golgi.

8
Q

Binary fission

A

Prokaryotic division where cells grow 2x the size and the divide into two.

9
Q

Origin of replication

A

Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides.

10
Q

Cell cycle control system

A

Cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that both trigger and co ordinates key events in the cell cycle.

  • built in clock
  • regulated by check points
11
Q

Checkpoints

A

Control point in cell cycle where stop and go signals can regulate the cycle.

12
Q

Where are the three important checkpoints

A

G1, G2, and M phase

G1- divide or no
G2- Free of mutation after replication of DNA
M-All kinetochores attached to microtubules

13
Q

Restriction point

A

Most important, if given go ahead the cycle starts if not it goes into G0 phase= non dividing.

14
Q

Growth factor

A

Protein released by certain cells that stimulates other cells to divide

15
Q

Density dependent inhibition

A

A phenomenon in which crowded cells stop dividing.

16
Q

Transformation

A

Cells in culture that acquire the ability to divide indefinitely.

17
Q

Benign tumour

A

A mass of abnormal cells with specific genetic and cellular changes such that the cells are not capable of surviving at a new site and generally remain at the site of the tumour

18
Q

Malignant tumour

A

A cancerous tumor containing cells that have significant genetic and cellular changed and are capable of invading and surviving in new sites.

19
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site.

20
Q

Somatic cells are——-

A

Diploid

21
Q

Chromatin is composed of what and how?

A

DNA and histones( positively charged allowing close association with negative DNA)

22
Q

Nucleosome

A

Composed of DNA wound around a core complex of histones

Important role for packaging and gene regulation

23
Q

M phase

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

24
Q

C phase and G0 phase

A

Cytokinesis

Non dividing stage

25
Q

Aster

A

Anchor to membrane

26
Q

Differences in plant and animal cell division

A

Plants- cell plant

Animals- cleavage furrow and centrioles